(Ebook PDF) International Trade Theory and Policy Global Edition 12th edition by Paul Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, Marc Melitz ISBN 1292417234 9781292417233 full chapters

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ISBN 10: 1292417234
ISBN 13: 978-1292417233
Author:  Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, Marc J. Melitz

Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction

• What Is International Economics About?

• The Gains from Trade

• The Pattern of Trade

• How Much Trade?

• Balance of Payments

• Exchange Rate Determination

• International Policy Coordination

• The International Capital Market

• International Economics: Trade and Money

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Part 1: International Trade Theory

Chapter 2: World Trade: An Overview

• Who Trades with Whom?

• Size Matters: The Gravity Model

• Using the Gravity Model: Looking for Anomalies

• Impediments to Trade: Distance, Barriers, and Borders

• The Changing Pattern of World Trade

• Has the World Gotten Smaller?

• What Do We Trade?

• Service Offshoring

• Do Old Rules Still Apply?

• Summary

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Chapter 3: Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model

• The Concept of Comparative Advantage

• A One-Factor Economy

• Production Possibilities

• Relative Prices and Supply

• Trade in a One-Factor World

• Determining the Relative Price after Trade

• Box: Comparative Advantage in Practice: The Case of Usain Bolt

• The Gains from Trade

• A Note on Relative Wages

• Box: Economic Isolation and Autarky Over Time and Over Space

• Misconceptions about Comparative Advantage

• Productivity and Competitiveness

• Box: Do Wages Reflect Productivity?

• The Pauper Labor Argument

• Exploitation

• Comparative Advantage with Many Goods

• Setting Up the Model

• Relative Wages and Specialization

• Determining the Relative Wage in the Multigood Model

• Adding Transport Costs and Nontraded Goods

• Empirical Evidence on the Ricardian Model

• Summary

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Chapter 4: Specific Factors and Income Distribution

• The Specific Factors Model

• Box: What is a Specific Factor?

• Assumptions of the Model

• Production Possibilities

• Prices, Wages, and Labor Allocation

• Relative Prices and the Distribution of Income

• International Trade in the Specific Factors Model

• Income Distribution and the Gains from Trade

• The Political Economy of Trade: A Preliminary View

• The Politics of Trade Protection

• Trade and Unemployment

• Case Study: U.S. Manufacturing Employment and Chinese Import Competition

• Box: The Trump Trade War

• International Labor Mobility

• Case Study: Immigration and the U.S. Economy

• Summary

Appendix to Chapter 4: Further Details on Specific Factors

• Marginal and Total Product

• Relative Prices and the Distribution of Income

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Chapter 5: Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model

• Model of a Two-Factor Economy

• Prices and Production

• Choosing the Mix of Inputs

• Factor Prices and Goods Prices

• Resources and Output

• Effects of International Trade between Two-Factor Economies

• Relative Prices and the Pattern of Trade

• Trade and the Distribution of Income

• Case Study: North-South Trade and Income Inequality

• Skill-Biased Technological Change and Income Inequality

• Box: The Declining Labor Share of Income and Capital-Skill Complementarity

• Factor-Price Equalization

• Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model

• Trade in Goods as a Substitute for Trade in Factors: Factor Content of Trade

• Patterns of Exports between Developed and Developing Countries

• Implications of the Tests

• Summary

Appendix to Chapter 5: Factor Prices, Goods Prices, and Production Decisions

• Choice of Technique

• Goods Prices and Factor Prices

• More on Resources and Output

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Chapter 6: The Standard Trade Model

• A Standard Model of a Trading Economy

• Production Possibilities and Relative Supply

• Relative Prices and Demand

• The Welfare Effect of Changes in the Terms of Trade

• Box: U.S. Consumer Gains from Chinese Imports

• Determining Relative Prices

• Economic Growth: A Shift of the RS Curve

• Growth and the Production Possibility Frontier

• World Relative Supply and the Terms of Trade

• International Effects of Growth

• Case Study: Has the Growth of Newly Industrialized Economies Hurt Advanced Nations?

• Box: The Exposure of Developing Countries to Terms of Trade Shocks and the COVID-19 Pandemic

• Tariffs and Export Subsidies: Simultaneous Shifts in RS and RD

• Relative Demand and Supply Effects of a Tariff

• Effects of an Export Subsidy

• Implications of Terms of Trade Effects: Who Gains and Who Loses?

• International Borrowing and Lending

• Intertemporal Production Possibilities and Trade

• The Real Interest Rate

• Intertemporal Comparative Advantage

• Summary

Appendix to Chapter 6: More on Intertemporal Trade

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Chapter 7: External Economies of Scale and the International Location of Production

• Economies of Scale and International Trade: An Overview

• Economies of Scale and Market Structure

• The Theory of External Economies

• Specialized Suppliers

• Labor Market Pooling

• Knowledge Spillovers

• External Economies and Market Equilibrium

• External Economies and International Trade

• External Economies, Output, and Prices

• External Economies and the Pattern of Trade

• Trade and Welfare with External Economies

• Box: Holding the World Together

• Dynamic Increasing Returns

• Interregional Trade and Economic Geography

• Box: The City and the Street

• Summary

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Chapter 8: Firms in the Global Economy: Export and Foreign Sourcing Decisions and Multinational Enterprises

• The Theory of Imperfect Competition

• Monopoly: A Brief Review

• Monopolistic Competition

• Monopolistic Competition and Trade

• The Effects of Increased Market Size

• Gains from an Integrated Market: A Numerical Example

• The Significance of Intra-Industry Trade

• Case Study: Automobile Intra-Industry Trade within ASEAN-4: 1998–2002

• Firm Responses to Trade: Winners, Losers, and Industry Performance

• Performance Differences across Producers

• The Effects of Increased Market Size

• Trade Costs and Export Decisions

• Dumping

• Case Study: Antidumping as Protectionism

• Multinationals and Foreign Direct Investment

• Patterns of Foreign Direct Investment Flows around the World

• Case Study: COVID-19 and Foreign Direct Investment Flows around the World

• Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Sourcing Decisions

• The Horizontal FDI Decision

• The Foreign Sourcing Decision

• The Outsourcing Decision: Make or Buy

• Box: Whose Trade Is It?

• Case Study: Shipping Jobs Overseas? Offshoring and Labor Market Outcomes in Germany

• Consequences of Multinationals and Foreign Outsourcing

• Summary

Appendix to Chapter 8: Determining Marginal Revenue

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Part 2: International Trade Policy

Chapter 9: The Instruments of Trade Policy

• Basic Tariff Analysis

• Supply, Demand, and Trade in a Single Industry

• Effects of a Tariff

• Measuring the Amount of Protection

• Costs and Benefits of a Tariff

• Consumer and Producer Surplus

• Measuring the Costs and Benefits

• Case Study: Winners and Losers of the Trump Trade War

• Box: Tariffs and Retaliation

• Other Instruments of Trade Policy

• Export Subsidies: Theory

• Box: The Unfriendly Skies: Settling the Longest Running Trade Dispute

• Import Quotas: Theory

• Case Study: Tariff-Rate Quota Origin and its Application in Practice with Oilseeds

• Voluntary Export Restraints

• Local Content Requirements

• Box: Healthcare Protection with Local Content Requirements

• Other Trade Policy Instruments

• The Effects of Trade Policy: A Summary

• Summary

Appendix to Chapter 9: Tariffs and Import Quotas in the Presence of Monopoly

• The Model with Free Trade

• The Model with a Tariff

• The Model with an Import Quota

• Comparing a Tariff and a Quota

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Chapter 10: The Political Economy of Trade Policy

• The Case for Free Trade

• Free Trade and Efficiency

• Additional Gains from Free Trade

• Rent Seeking

• Political Argument for Free Trade

• National Welfare Arguments against Free Trade

• The Terms of Trade Argument for a Tariff

• The Domestic Market Failure Argument against Free Trade

• How Convincing Is the Market Failure Argument?

• Income Distribution and Trade Policy

• Electoral Competition

• Collective Action

• Box: Politicians for Sale: Evidence from the 1990s

• Modeling the Political Process

• Who Gets Protected?

• International Negotiations and Trade Policy

• The Advantages of Negotiation

• International Trade Agreements: A Brief History

• The Uruguay Round

• Trade Liberalization

• Administrative Reforms: From the GATT to the WTO

• Benefits and Costs

• Box: Settling a Dispute—and Creating One

• Case Study: Testing the WTO’s Metal

• The End of Trade Agreements?

• Box: Do Agricultural Subsidies Hurt the Third World?

• Preferential Trading Agreements

• Box: Free Trade Area Versus Customs Union

• Box: Brexit

• Case Study: Trade Diversion in South America

• The Trans-Pacific Partnership

• Summary

Appendix to Chapter 10: Proving That the Optimum Tariff Is Positive

• Demand and Supply

• The Tariff and Prices

• The Tariff and Domestic Welfare

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Chapter 11: Trade Policy in Developing Countries

• Import-Substituting Industrialization

• The Infant Industry Argument

• Promoting Manufacturing through Protection

• Case Study: Export-Led Strategy

• Results of Favoring Manufacturing: Problems of Import-Substituting Industrialization

• Trade Liberalization since 1985

• Trade and Growth: Takeoff in Asia

• Box: India’s Boom

• Summary

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Chapter 12: Controversies in Trade Policy

• Sophisticated Arguments for Activist Trade Policy

• Technology and Externalities

• Imperfect Competition and Strategic Trade Policy

• Box: A Warning From Intel’s Founder

• Case Study: When the Chips Were Up

• Globalization and Low-Wage Labor

• The Anti-Globalization Movement

• Trade and Wages Revisited

• Labor Standards and Trade Negotiations

• Environmental and Cultural Issues

• The WTO and National Independence

• Case Study: A Tragedy in Bangladesh

• Globalization and the Environment

• Globalization, Growth, and Pollution

• The Problem of “Pollution Havens”

• The Carbon Tariff Dispute

• Trade Shocks and Their Impact on Communities

• Summary

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Mathematical Postscripts

Postscript to Chapter 5: The Factor-Proportions Model

• Factor Prices and Costs

• Goods Prices and Factor Prices

• Factor Supplies and Outputs

Postscript to Chapter 6: The Trading World Economy

• Supply, Demand, and Equilibrium

• Supply, Demand, and the Stability of Equilibrium

• Effects of Changes in Supply and Demand

• Economic Growth

• A Transfer of Income

• A Tariff

Postscript to Chapter 8: The Monopolistic Competition Model

• Merchandise Trade Flows with the United States (in 2018 U.S. dollars)

• Gross National Product per Capita (in 2019 U.S. dollars)

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