(Ebook PDF) Practical Necessity Freedom and History From Hobbes to Marx 1st edition by David James 0192587110 9780192587114 full chapters

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ISBN-10 : 0192587110

ISBN-13 : 9780192587114

Author:  David James

By means of careful analysis of relevant writings by Hobbes, Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, and Marx, David James argues that the concept of practical necessity is key to understanding the nature and extent of human freedom. Practical necessity means being, or believing oneself to be, constrained to perform certain actions in the absence (whether real or imagined) of other, more attractive options, or by the high costs involved in pursuing other options. Agents become subject to practical necessity as a result of economic, social, and historical forces over which they have, or appear to have, no effective control, and the extent to which they are subject to it varies according to the amount of economic and social power that one agent possesses relative to other agents. The concept of practical necessity is also shown to take into account how the beliefs and attitudes of social agents are in large part determined by social and historical processes in which they are caught up, and that the type of motivation that we attribute to agents must recognize this. Practical Necessity, Freedom, and History: From Hobbes to Marx shows how Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, and Marx, in contrast to Hobbes, explain the emergence of the conditions of a free society in terms of a historical process that is initially governed by practical necessity. The role that this form of necessity plays in explaining history necessity invites the following question: to what extent are historical agents genuinely subject to both practical and historical necessity?

Practical Necessity, Freedom, and History: From Hobbes to Marx 1st Table of contents:

Part 1. The Concept of Practical Necessity and the Question of Freedom
2. Practical Necessity and Historical Necessity
1. Hobbes’s Argument for the Practical Necessity of Colonization
1. Practical Necessity and Human Nature
2. Freedom and Human Nature
3. Colonization
4. The Contingency of Colonization
5. Hobbes’s Science of History
Part 2. Practical Necessity and History I: Rousseau’s Second Discourse
1. Moral Freedom and Historical Contingency
2. Stasis
3. The Role of Practical Necessity in Rousseau’s Genealogy of Society
4. The Reconciliation of Freedom and Necessity
5. Subjectivity and History
Part 3. Practical Necessity and History II: Kant on Universal History
1. Practical Necessity, Normative Necessity, and Historical Necessity
2. Good Comes from Evil: Unsociable Sociability and the Creation of Legal and Political Order
3. Universal History and Historical Necessity
Part 4. Hegel and Marx on the Historical Necessity of the Terror
1. The Role of Practical Necessity in Hegel’s Analysis of the Terror
2. Absolute Freedom and Law
3. Absolute Freedom and the Historical Necessity of the Terror
4. Marx on the Historical Necessity of the Terror
Part 5. Practical Necessity, Ethical Freedom, and History: Hegel’s Philosophy of Right
1. Freedom, Right, and History
2. Ethical Freedom
3. The Role of Practical Necessity in Civil Society
4. Colonization, Global Freedom, and the (Premature) Transition to World History
5. Freedom and World History
Part 6. The Compatibility of Freedom and Necessity in Marx’s Idea of Communist Society
1. Freedom, Necessity, and Self-Realization
2. The Incompatibility of Freedom and Necessity in Capitalist Society
3. Freedom in the Communist Realm of Necessity
4. The True Realm of Freedom
Part 7. Practical Necessity and Historical Necessity in Historical Materialism
1. Historical Materialism and Historical Necessity
2. Practical Necessity: The Struggle over the Length of the Working Day
3. Historical Necessity and Surplus Practical Necessity

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