Bad Words: Philosophical Perspectives On Slurs 1st Edition David 0191076376 9780191076374

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Product details:

• ISBN-10: 0191076376 
• ISBN-13: 9780191076374
• Author: David Sosa

What makes a word bad? Bad Words is a philosophical examination of slurs and other derogatory and problematic language, by some of the leading contributors to the field. Slurs are an interesting case for the philosophy of language. On the one hand, they seem to be meaningful in something like the way many other expressions are meaningful – different slurs might seem in some way to refer to different groups, for example. But on the other hand, it’s clear that slurs also have distinctive practical effects and roles: they can seem to be just an arbitrary tool for insulting or enabling harm. How are those aspects related? Just how the use of words is related to their significance is of course one of the deepest issues in philosophy of language: slurs not only refine that issue, by presenting a kind of use that presents novel challenges, but also give the issue a compelling practical relevance.

Table of contents:

1. Calling, Addressing, and Appropriation
1 The N-Word
2 Ambiguity
3 Richard’s Expressivism
4 Bianchi’s Echoic Account
5 Speech Communities and Communities of Practice
6 Calling and Addressing
7 Conclusion
2. A Dual Act Analysis of Slurs
1 Univocal Views
2 Two-Factor Views
3 From Multi-dimensionalism to Multiple Acts
4 Conclusion
3. Loaded Words: On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Slurs
1 Some Stipulations and Observations
2 Loaded Descriptivism
3 Loaded Descriptivism vs. Hybrid Expressivism
4 What Loaded Descriptivism Doesn’t Do
5 Objections and Replies
6 Summing Up
4. Slurs, Dehumanization, and the Expression of Contempt
1 Dehumanizing Slurs
2 Dehumanization
3 Tri-Level Semantics
4 Objections Concerning the Encoding of Contempt
5 On the Moral Psychology of Contempt
6 Replies to Objections on the Encoding of Contempt
7 Dehumanizing with Slurs
5. Pejoratives as Fiction
1 Mythological Reference
2 Mythological Truth
3 Moral and Semantic Innocence
4 Group Comprehension
5 PEJ and BAD
6 Offensiveness and Truth-Conditions
7 Negation and The Scope of Denial
8 Identity Expressivism and Identity
9 Identity Expressivism and Substitutivity
10 Truth and Fictional Truth
11 Best Fit Semantics
12 Metasemantic Reflections
6. Pejorative Tone
1 Introduction
2 Prohibitionism
3 The Limits of Meaning: Content versus Tone
4 Slurs and Tone
5 Conclusion
7. How do Slurs Mean?
8. Slurs and Obscenities: Lexicography, Semantics, and Philosophy
1 Introduction
2 Dimensions of Meaning
3 Expletives
4 Swearwords and Slurs
5 The Lexicography of Slurs
6 Hom on the Meaning of Slurs
7 What Went Wrong with the AHD
8 Words Are Things
9 Why Elvis Costello Got Punched
10 Conclusion
9. Nice Words for Nasty Things: Taboo and its Discontents
1 Introduction: Taboo or not Taboo?
2 Gegensinn, Word Loss, and Homonymicide
3 Polysemy and the Wages of Sinn
4 Categories of Taboo
5 Taboo Avoidance: Activating the Treadmill
6 Taboo and Gender Asymmetries
7 Questions of Etymology—and Etymythology
8 Noun Aversion
9 One Taboo Left to Go: Skaiophobia
10 Aversion and Displacement: From Here to Paternity

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