(EBook PDF) Textbook of Medical Physiology 4th Edition by Gopal Krushna Pal 8131266001 9788131266007 full chapters

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ISBN-10 :  8131266001 

ISBN-13 :  9788131266007

Author : Gopal Krushna Pal 

Textbook of Medical Physiology 4th Edition – E-Book

Textbook of Medical Physiology 4th Table of contents:

Section I: General Physiology
Chapter 1: Importance of Physiology in Medicine
PHYSIOLOGY FOR LEARNING MEDICINE
PHYSIOLOGY FOR MEDICAL PRACTICE
PHYSIOLOGY FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH
PHYSIOLOGY FOR INTEGRAL PROGRESS
Chapter 2: Functional Organization of Human Body and Principles of Homeostasis
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY
PRINCIPLES OF HOMEOSTASIS
Chapter 3: Cell and its Functions, Intercellular Connections, Physiology of Genetics, and Apoptosis
CELL AND ITS FUNCTIONS
Cell Organelles
INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS
PHYSIOLOGY OF GENETICS
APOPTOSIS
Chapter 4: Transport Across the Cell Membrane
MEMBRANE CHANNELS
TYPES OF CARRIERS
TRANSPORT PROCESSES
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
OTHER TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
VESICULAR TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT ACROSS THE EPITHELIA
Chapter 5: Membrane Potential
BASIC PRINCIPLES
GENESIS OF RMP
Chapter 6: Body Fluids
BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS
MEASUREMENT OF BODY FLUID VOLUMES
IONIC COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS
Section II: Blood
Chapter 7: Introduction to Blood, and Plasma Proteins
THE BLOOD
PLASMA PROTEINS
Chapter 8: Bone Marrow and Hemopoiesis
BONE MARROW
HEMOPOIESIS
Chapter 9: Red Blood Cells: Structure, Functions, Development Erythropoiesis), and Destruction
RED BLOOD CELLS
ERYTHROPOIESIS
DESTRUCTION OF RED CELLS
Chapter 10: Hemoglobins and Blood Indices
HEMOGLOBINS
BLOOD INDICES
Chapter 11: Pathophysiology of Anemia and Polycythemia
ANEMIA
POLYCYTHEMIA
Chapter 12: Pathophysiology of Jaundice
BILIRUBIN METABOLISM
TYPES OF JAUNDICE
Chapter 13: Blood Groups and Physiological Basis of Blood Transfusion
ABO SYSTEM
Rh SYSTEM
OTHER BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Chapter 14: White Blood Cells
LEUCOPOIESIS
LIFE HISTORY OF LEUCOCYTES
NEUTROPHILS
EOSINOPHILS
BASOPHILS
MONOCYTES
LYMPHOCYTES
LEUKEMIA
Chapter 15: Immunity
NONSPECIFIC DEFENSE
SPECIFIC DEFENCE MECHANISMS Acquired Immunity)
MECHANISM OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY
MECHANISM OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
MECHNISMS OF SELF-RECOGNITION Immunological Tolerance)
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 16: Platelets
DEVELOPMENT OF PLATELETS
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
ROLE OF PLATELET IN HEMOSTASIS
PLATELET DYSFUNCTIONS
Chapter 17: Blood Coagulation
MECHANISM OF BLOOD COAGULATION
ANTICLOTTING MECHANISM Fibrinolysis)
REGULATION OF BLOOD COAGULATION
APPLIED ASPECTS
Section III: Nerve and Muscle
Chapter 18: Structure and Functions of Neuron, Nerve Potentials and Propagation of Nerve Impulse
STRUCTURE OF A NEURON
GENESIS OF NERVE POTENTIALS
INITIATION AND PROPAGATION OF ACTION POTENTIAL
Chapter 19: Classification and Properties of Nerve Fibers, Nerve Injury and Other Applied Aspects
PROPERTIES OF NERVE FIBERS
CLASSIFICATION OF NERVE FIBERS
NERVE INJURY
OTHER APPLIED ASPECTS
Chapter 20: Neuromuscular Transmission
STRUCTURE OF NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
MECHANISMS OF NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION
BLOCKADE OF NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION
NEUROMUSCULAR DYSFUNCTIONS
NERVE ENDINGS IN SMOOTH & CARDIAC MUSCLES
DENERVATION HYPERSENSITIVITY
Chapter 21: Muscle: Structure, Functional Organization, Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Molecular Basis of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING
TYPES OF CONTRACTION
Chapter 22: Properties of Skeletal Muscle and Applied Aspects
PROPERTIES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
APPLIED ASPECTS
Chapter 23: Smooth Muscle
TYPES OF SMOOTH MUSCLES
STRUCTURE
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
MECHANISM OF CONTRACTION
PROPERTIES OF SMOOTH MUSCLE
Section IV: Autonomic Nervous System
Chapter 24: Functional Organization and Functions of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
NEUROTRANSMITTERS OF ANS
GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF ANS
SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
SYMPATHOVAGAL BALANCE
Chapter 25: Autonomic Dysfunctions, Autonomic Function Tests and Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability
AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTIONS
AUTONOMIC FUNCTION TESTS
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY
Section V: Cardiovascular System
Chapter 26: Functional Organization of Cardiovascular System
HEART
BLOOD VESSELS
SYSTEMIC Vs PULMONARY CIRCULATION
VOLUME DISTRIBUTION IN VASCULAR COMPARTMENTS
Chapter 27: Functional Anatomy of Heart, Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Innervation
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
CARDIAC MUSCLE
CARDIAC INNERVATION
Chapter 28: Properties of Cardiac Muscle
SPECIAL PROPERTIES
Chapter 29: Electrophysiology of the Heart, and Origin and Propagation of Cardiac Impulse
IONIC CURRENTS IN CARDIAC TISSUES
ACTION POTENTIALS IN CARDIAC TISSUES
CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF HEART
INITIATION & PROPAGATION OF CARDIAC IMPULSE
Chapter 30: Electrocardiogram
TECHNICAL ASPECTS
NORMAL ECG
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF ECG
SYSTEMATIC INTERPRETATION OF ECG
ABNORMAL ECG
HIS BUNDLE ELECTROGRAM
Chapter 31: Cardiac Cycle
PHASES OF CARDIAC CYCLE
JUGULAR VENOUS PULSE
HEART SOUNDS
Chapter 32: Cardiac Output
DEFINITIONS & NORMAL VALUES
PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING CARDIAC OUTPUT
MEASUREMENT OF CARDIAC OUTPUT
FACTORS AFFECTING CARDIAC OUTPUT
REGULATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT
Chapter 33: Heart Rate and Arterial Pulse
HEART RATE
ARTERIAL PULSE
Chapter 34: Principles of Hemodynamics
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING CIRCULATION PY5.7
PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
LAW OF LAPLACE
Chapter 35: Arterial System and Venous System
ARTERIAL SYSTEM
VENOUS SYSTEM
Chapter 36: Capillary Circulation, Lymphatic Circulation and Edema Formation
CAPILLARY CIRCULATION PY5.10
LYMPHATIC CIRCULATION
EDEMA FORMATION
Chapter 37: Regulation of Blood Pressure
DEFINITION & NORMAL VALUES
FACTORS AFFECTING BLOOD PRESSURE
REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE PY5.9
SHORT-TERM REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE
LONG-TERM REGULATION OF BP
Chapter 38: Regulation of Local Blood Flow
TYPES OF REGULATIONS PY5.8
Chapter 39: Special Circulations
CEREBRAL CIRCULATION PY5.10
CORONARY CIRCULATION
CUTANEOUS CIRCULATION
SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION
SKELETAL MUSCLE CIRCULATION
Chapter 40: Fetal and Neonatal Circulation
DESIGN OF FETAL CIRCULATION PY5.10
Chapter 41: Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Hypotension
HYPERTENSION
HYPOTENSION
Chapter 42: Pathophysiology of Shock
HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK
OTHER TYPES OF SHOCK
TREATMENT OF SHOCK
Chapter 43: Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF MANAGEMENT
Section VI: Respiratory System
Chapter 44: Functional Organization of Respiratory System
COMPONENTS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Chapter 45: Mechanics of Breathing
MUSCLES OF RESPIRATION
PRESSURE CHANGES DURING BREATHING
LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LUNGS & CHEST WALL
ROLE OF SURFACE TENSION
PROPERTIES OF THE DYNAMIC LUNG
Chapter 46: Pulmonary Ventilation and Gas Exchange in Lungs
PULMONARY VENTILATION
GAS EXCHANGE IN LUNGS
Chapter 47: Pulmonary Circulation and Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
VENTILATION-PERFUSION RATIO
BRONCHIAL CIRCULATION
Chapter 48: Transport of Gases in Blood
OXYGEN TRANSPORT
CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORT
Chapter 49: Regulation of Respiration
NEURAL CONTROL OF RESPIRATION
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF BREATHING
NONCHEMICAL CONTROL OF RESPIRATION
Chapter 50: Physiological Changes at High Altitude
COMPENSATORY MECHNISMS
HIGH ALTITUDE ILLNESS
Chapter 51: Hypoxia, Cyanosis and Oxygen Therapy
HYPOXIA
CYANOSIS
OXYGEN THERAPY
Chapter 52: Hazards of Deep Sea Diving and Effects of Increased Barometric Pressure
NITROGEN NARCOSIS
HIGH-PRESSURE NERVOUS SYNDROME
ACUTE O2 TOXICITY
DYSBARISM CAISSONS DISEASE)
AIR EMBOLISM
SCUBA
Chapter 53: Respiration in Abnormal Conditions and Abnormal Respirations
RESPIRATION IN ABNORMAL CONDITIONS
ABNORMAL RESPIRATIONS
Chapter 54: Artificial Ventilation and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Chapter 55: Pulmonary Function Tests
CLASSIFICATION OF PFTs
ASSESSMENT OF VENTILATION
ASSESSMENT OF GAS EXCHANGE
ASSESSMENT OF PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Section VII: Gastrointestinal GI) System
Chapter 56: Functional Organization of GI System and Principles of GI Regulations
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
PRINCIPLES OF GI REGULATIONS
Chapter 57: Gastrointestinal Hormones
GI HORMONES OF GASTRIN FAMILY
GI HORMONES OF SECRETIN FAMILY
OTHER GI HORMONES
Chapter 58: General Principles of GI Secretion and Secretion of Saliva
PRINCIPLES OF GI SECRETION
SALIVARY SECRETION
Chapter 59: Gastric Secretion
FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS
GASTRIC SECRETION
GASTRIC FUNCTION TESTS
APPLIED ASPECTS
Chapter 60: Pancreatic Secretion
FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS
PANCREATIC SECRETION
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
PANCREATIC FUNCTION TESTS
Chapter 61: Hepatobiliary System and Biliary Secretion
HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM
BILE SECRETION
Chapter 62: Intestinal Secretion and Secretion of Large Intestine
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
Chapter 63: Introduction to GI Motility
GI SMOOTH MUSCLES
BASIC PATTERNS OF GI MOTILITY
Chapter 64: Chewing, Deglutition and Esophageal Motility
CHEWING MASTICATION)
SWALLOWING DEGLUTITION)
ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY
Chapter 65: Gastric Motility
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
TYPES OF GASTRIC MOTILITY
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 66: Intestinal Motility, and Motility of Colon, Rectum and Anal Canal
INTESTINAL MOTILITY
MOTILITY OF LARGE INTESTINE
Chapter 67: Principles of Digestion and Absorption
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
LIPIDS
OTHER NUTRIENTS
Section VIII: Endocrine Physiology
Chapter 68: Introduction to Endocrinology
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF HORMONES
REGULATION OF HORMONE SECRETION
Chapter 69: Mechanisms of Hormone Action
RECEPTOR FUNCTIONS
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS Second Messengers)
Chapter 70: Hypothalamus and Hypothalamopituitary Axis
HYPOTHALAMUS
HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY AXIS
Chapter 71: Anterior Pituitary
HORMONES OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY
GROWTH HORMONE
OTHER HORMONES
Chapter 72: Posterior Pituitary
ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE
OXYTOCIN
Chapter 73: Thyroid Gland
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
SYNTHESIS, SECRETION & METABOLISM OF THYROID HORMONES
MECHANISM OF ACTION
PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONS
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
THYROID FUNCTION TESTS
Chapter 74: Adrenal Cortex
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
SYNTHESIS & METABOLISM OF ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
MINERALOCORTICOIDS
SEX STEROIDS
Chapter 75: Adrenal Medulla
CELL TYPES
CATECHOLAMINES
Mechanism of Action
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
OTHER ADRENOMEDULLARY PEPTIDES
Chapter 76: Endocrine Pancreas, Blood Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes
ISLETS OF LANGERHANS
INSULIN
OTHER PANCREATIC HORMONES
BLOOD GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS
DIABETES MELLITUS
Chapter 77: Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Physiology of Bone and Parathyroid Gland
CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM
BONE PHYSIOLOGY
Parathyroid Gland
ROLE OF CALCITONIN, VITAMIN D & OTHER HORMONES
Chapter 78: Pineal Gland, Thymus and Local Hormones
PINEAL GLAND
THYMUS
LOCAL HORMONES
Section IX: Reproductive System
Chapter 79: Sex Differentiation and Physiology of Puberty and Menopause
SEX DIFFERENTIATION
PHYSIOLOGY OF PUBERTY
PHYSIOLOGY OF MENOPAUSE
Chapter 80: Male Reproductive System
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
SPERMATOGENESIS
TESTICULAR HORMONES
TESTICULAR ABNORMALITIES
Chapter 81: Female Reproductive System
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
OOGENESIS
DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN FOLLICLE
OVULATION
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
OVARIAN HORMONES
CONTROL OF OVARIAN FUNCTIONS
APPLIED ASPECTS
Chapter 82: Physiology of Copulation
MALE SEXUAL ACT
FEMALE SEXUAL ACT
Chapter 83: Physiology of Pregnancy and Parturition
PHYSIOLOGY OF PREGNANCY
PLACENTAL HORMONES
MATERNAL CHANGES DURING PREGNANCY
PARTURITION
Chapter 84: Physiology of Breast Development and Lactation
BREAST DEVELOPMENT
LACTOGENESIS AND LACTATION
Chapter 85: Physiology of Contraception
CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Section X: Renal System
Chapter 86: Introduction to Renal System and Functional Anatomy of Kidney
RENAL SYSTEM
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF KIDNEY
JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS
INNERVATION OF KIDNEY
Chapter 87: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration
RENAL CIRCULATION
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
Chapter 88: Tubular Functions
COMMON PRINCIPLES OF TUBULAR FUNCTIONS
TUBULAR FUNCTIONS
REGULATION OF IONS & WATER REABSORPTION IN KIDNEY
REGULATION OF K+ EXCRETION
Chapter 89: Concentration and Dilution of Urine
GENERAL CONCEPT
COUNTERCURRENT MECHANISM
Chapter 90: Water Excretion, Diuresis and Diuretics
WATER EXCRETION
DIURESIS AND DIURETICS
Chapter 91: Acidification of Urine
PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
MECHANISM OF URINE ACIDIFICATION
RENAL DEFENSE IN ACID-BASE DISORDER
Chapter 92: Kidney Function Tests and Renal Failure
KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS
RENAL FAILURE
Chapter 93: Physiology of Micturition and Bladder Dysfunctions
URINARY BLADDER
MICTURITION REFLEX
BLADDER DYSFUNCTIONS
Section XI: Neurophysiology
Chapter 94: Functional Organization of Nervous System
DIVISIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF CNS
Chapter 95: Synaptic Transmission in Central Nervous System
SYNAPSES IN CNS
MECHANISM OF SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
PROPERTIES OF SYNAPSES
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Chapter 96: Introduction to Sensory System and Physiology of Receptors
INTRODUCTION
RECEPTORS
Chapter 97: Sensory Communication to Spinal Cord
PERIPHERAL NERVE
SPINAL CORD
Chapter 98: Ascending Pathways
DORSAL COLUMN PATHWAYS
ANTEROLATERAL SYSTEM
PATHWAYS FOR SPECIFIC SENSATIONS
ABNORMALITIES OF DORSAL COLUMN SENSATIONS
Chapter 99: Physiology of Pain, Itch, Temperature and Trigeminal System
PAIN
ANALGESIA SYSTEMS
ITCH
TEMPERATURE
TRIGEMINAL SYSTEM
Chapter 100: Thalamus
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
CONNECTIONS AND FUNCTIONS
APPLIED ASPECTS
EPITHALAMUS
SUBTHALAMUS
Chapter 101: Sensory Cortex
CORTICAL SENSORY AREAS
Chapter 102: Applied Sensory Physiology
LESIONS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS
SENSORY FUNCTION TESTS
Chapter 103: Introduction to Motor Physiology and Organization of Motor System
INTRODUCTION TO MOTOR PHYSIOLOGY
ORGANIZATION OF MOTOR SYSTEM
Chapter 104: Muscle Spindle and Golgi Tendon Organ
MUSCLE SPINDLE
GOLGI TENDON ORGAN
Chapter 105: Spinal Reflexes
STRETCH REFLEX Myotatic Reflex)
INVERSE STRETCH REFLEX Inverse Myotatic Reflex)
WITHDRAWAL REFLEX
PROPERTIES OF SPINAL REFLEXES
Chapter 106: Descending Pathways
CLASSIFICATION
MEDIAL SYSTEM PATHWYAS
OTHER DESCENDING PATHWAYS
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN UMN & LMN PARALYSIS
CLINICAL ASPECTS
Chapter 107: Regulation of Posture and Movement
GENERAL ORGANIZATION
GENERAL ORGANIZATION
SPINAL INTEGRATION
MEDULLARY INTEGRATION
MIDBRAIN INTEGRATION
CORTICAL INTEGRATION
Chapter 108: Basal Ganglia
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
FUNCTIONS OF BASAL GANGLIA
DYSFUNCTIONS OF BASAL GANGLIA
Chapter 109: Cerebellum
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
CEREBELLAR CONNECTIONS
FUNCTIONS OF CEREBELLUM
CEREBELLAR DISORDERS
Chapter 110: Vestibular Apparatus
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
VESTIBULAR REFLEXES
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 111: Functions of Hypothalamus
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
FUNCTIONS OF HYPOTHALAMUS
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 112: Reticular Activating System, EEG, Physiology of Sleep and Brain Death
RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP
BRAIN DEATH
Chapter 113: Limbic System
MAJOR AMINERGIC & CHOLINERGIC SYSTEMS
FUNCTIONS OF LIMBIC SYSTEM
DISORDERS AFFECTING LIMBIC SYSTEM
PHYSIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 114: Physiology of Learning and Memory
DEFINITIONS
TYPES OF MEMORY
MECHANISMS OF LEARNING AND MEMORY
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 115: Physiology of Language and Speech
LANGUAGE AND SPEECH AREAS IN THE BRAIN
THEORY OF SPEECH PRODUCTION
DISORDERS OF SPEECH & LANGUAGE
Chapter 116: Neocortex Association Cortex), Cerebral Asymmetry, Lobes of the Brain and Cortical Plasticity
NEOCORTEX ASSOCIATION CORTEX)
CEREBRAL ASYMMETRY CEREBRAL DOMINANCE)
FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT LOBES OF THE BRAIN
CORTICAL PLASTICITY
Chapter 117: Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood-Brain Barrier
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
Section XII: Special Senses
Chapter 118: Functional Anatomy of Eye
LAYERS OF THE EYE
Chapter 119: Image Forming Mechanisms
REFRACTION OF LIGHT RAYS
ACCOMMODATION
SIZE OF THE PUPIL
DEFECTS OF THE IMAGE FORMING MECHANISM
Chapter 120: Photoreceptor Mechanisms
STRUCTURE OF PHOTORECEPTORS
MECHANISM OF PHOTOTRANSDUCTION
Chapter 121: Visual Pathway and Visual Cortex
VISUAL PATHWAY
VISUAL CORTEX
Chapter 122: Visual Acuity, Visual Field, Light and Dark Adaptations, and Visual Reflexes
VISUAL ACUITY
VISUAL FIELD
VISUAL ADAPTATIONS
VISUAL REFLEXES
Chapter 123: Color Vision
THEORIES OF COLOR VISION
COLOR BLINDNESS
Chapter 124: Movements of the Eye
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
TYPES OF OCULAR MOVEMENTS
ABNORMALITIES OF EYE MOVEMENTS
INVESTIGATIONS
Chapter 125: Functional Anatomy and Functions of the Ear
EXTERNAL EAR
MIDDLE EAR
INNER EAR
Chapter 126: Auditory Pathways
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION
Cochlear Nuclei
Superior Olivary Complex
Inferior Colliculus and MGB
AUDITORY CORTICAL AREAS
Chapter 127: Mechanisms of Hearing
SOUND WAVES
TRANSDUCTION OF SOUND WAVES
COCHLEAR POTENTIALS
Chapter 128: Hearing Defects and Hearing Tests
HEARING DEFECTS
TESTS FOR HEARING
Chapter 129: Physiology of Smell
SITE OF OLFACTION
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 130: Physiology of Taste
RECEPTOR ORGANS TASTE BUDS)
PHYSIOLOGY OF GAUSTATION
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
Section XIII: Integrative Physiology
Chapter 131: Structure and Functions of the Skin
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
Chapter 132: Regulation of Body Temperature and Acclimatization to Hot and Cold Environments
TEMPERATURE REGULATION
REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE
ACCLIMATIZATION TO TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 133: Physiology of Exercise and Sports Science
FACTORS AFFECTING MUSCLE WORK
FACTORS AFFECTING MUSCLE WORK
AEROBIC TRAINING
Chapter 134: Aviation and Space Physiology
AVIATION PHYSIOLOGY DURING FLIGHT
SPACE PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 135: Principles of Acid-Base Homeostasis
GENERAL CONCEPT
ABNORMALITIES OF ACID BASE BALANCE
Chapter 136: Body Fluid Volume Homeostasis
WATER BALANCE
EFFECTIVE CIRCULATING VOLUME
Chapter 137: Growth and Development, Physiology of Stress and Aging
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMEMNT
PHYSIOLOGY OF AGING
Chapter 138: Physiology of Nutrition and Obesity
ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCES
DISORDERS OF NUTRITION
Chapter 139: Physiology of Yoga and Meditation
HATHA YOGA
OTHER FORMS OF YOGA
MEDITATION

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