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ISBN-13 : 9798214346595
Author: John S. Dempsey
Discover the challenges, excitement and rewards of law enforcement today with Dempsey, Forst, and Carter’s AN INTRODUCTION TO POLICING, 9th Edition. Written by law enforcement veterans with extensive first-hand experience in all areas of policing, this book is an essential read for you or anyone you know who is considering a career in law enforcement. You’ll get insight into the Black Lives Matter movement, questionable police shootings of civilians and ambush shootings of police officers, strained police-community relations, the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, recent terrorism incidents, Specialized Policing Responses to homeless individuals, advances in policing technology and other current issues. You’ll also find the latest research as well as up-to-date applications, statistics, court cases and information on law enforcement careers.
An Introduction to Policing 9th Table of contents:
Chapter 1. Police History
1-1. Early Police
1-2. English Policing: Our Heritage
1-2a. Early History
1-2b. Seventeenth-Century Policing: Thief-Takers
1-2c. Henry Fielding and the Bow Street Runners
1-2d. Peel’s Police: The Metropolitan Police for London
1-3. American Policing: The Colonial Experience
1-3a. The North: The Watch
1-3b. The South: Slave Patrols and Codes
1-4. American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
1-4a. The Urban Experience
1-4b. The Southern Experience
1-4c. The Frontier Experience
1-5. American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
1-5a. Policing from 1900 to 1960
1-5b. Policing in the 1960s and 1970s
1-5c. Policing in the 1980s and 1990s
1-5d. Policing in the 2000s
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 2. Organizing Public Security in the United States
2-1. The U.S. Public Security Industry
2-2. Local Law Enforcement
2-2a. Metropolitan Law Enforcement
2-2b. County Law Enforcement
2-2c. Rural and Small-Town Law Enforcement
2-2d. Indian Country and Tribal Law Enforcement
2-2e. Campus Law Enforcement
2-2f. Local Law Enforcement and Illegal Immigration
2-2g. Law Enforcement and Sanctuary Cities
2-3. Law Enforcement in the Era of Reduced Budgets
2-4. State Law Enforcement
2-5. Federal Law Enforcement
2-5a. Department of Justice
2-5b. Department of the Treasury
2-5c. Department of Homeland Security
2-5d. Department of the Interior
2-5e. Department of Defense
2-5f. U.S. Postal Service
2-5g. Other Federal Enforcement Agencies
2-5h. Joint Federal and Local Task Force Approach to Law Enforcement
2-6. International Police
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 3. Organizing the Police Department
3-1. Organizing the Department: Managerial Concepts
3-1a. Division of Labor
3-1b. Managerial Definitions
3-1c. Managers, Supervisors, … or Leaders?
3-1d. Ethical Leadership
3-1e. Traditional Organizational Model and Structure
3-1f. Chain of Command
3-1g. Span of Control
3-1h. Delegation of Responsibility and Authority
3-1i. Unity of Command
3-1j. Rules, Regulations, and Discipline
3-2. Alternative Organizational Models and Structures
3-3. Organizing by Personnel
3-3a. The Civil Service System
3-3b. Sworn and Nonsworn (Civilian) Personnel
3-3c. Rank Structure
3-3d. Other Personnel
3-3e. Lateral Transfers
3-3f. Police Unions
3-4. Organizing by Area
3-4a. Beats
3-4b. Precincts/Districts/Stations
3-5. Organizing by Time
3-5a. The Three-Tour System
3-5b. Tour Length: 8 Hours, 10 Hours, or 12 Hours
3-5c. Tour Conditions
3-5d. Steady (Fixed) Tours
3-6. Organizing by Function or Purpose
3-6a. Line and Staff (Support) Functions
3-6b. Police Department Units
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Part 2. The Personal Side of Policing
Chapter 4. Becoming a Police Officer
4-1. Finding Information on Jobs in Policing
4-2. Standards in Police Selection
4-2a. Physical Requirements
4-2b. Smoking
4-2c. Age Requirements
4-2d. Education Requirements
4-2e. Prior Drug Use
4-2f. Criminal Record Restrictions
4-3. The Recruitment Process
4-4. The Job Analysis
4-5. The Selection Process
4-5a. Characteristics of Good Police Officers
4-5b. Written Examination
4-5c. Physical Agility Test
4-5d. Polygraph Examination
4-5e. Oral Interview
4-5f. Background Investigation
4-5g. Psychological Appraisal
4-5h. Medical Examination
4-6. The Police Training Process
4-6a. Recruit Training
4-6b. The Police Academy
4-6c. Field Training
4-6d. Probationary Period
4-6e. Firearms Training
4-6f. In-Service, Management, and Specialized Training
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 5. The Police Role and Police Discretion
5-1. The Police Role
5-1a. Crime-Fighting Role
5-1b. Order-Maintenance Role
5-2. Ambiguity of the Police Role
5-3. Goals and Objectives of Policing
5-3a. Primary Goals and Objectives
5-3b. Secondary Goals and Objectives
5-4. Police Operational Styles
5-5. Police Discretion
5-5a. What Is Discretion?
5-5b. How Is Discretion Exercised?
5-5c. Why Is Discretion Exercised?
5-5d. What Factors Influence Discretion?
5-5e. The Ferguson Effect
5-5f. How Can Discretion Be Controlled?
5-5g. CALEA Standards
5-6. Police Shootings and the Use of Deadly Force
5-6a. Police Use of Force
5-6b. Use of Force Policy and Monitoring Police Use of Force
5-6c. Number of Citizens Shot by the Police
5-6d. Do Police Discriminate with Their Trigger Fingers?
5-6e. Departure from the “Fleeing Felon” Rule
5-6f. Firearms Training
5-6g. Less-than-Lethal Force
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 6. Police Culture, Personality, and Stress
6-1. The Police Culture or Subculture
6-2. The Police Personality
6-2a. What Is the Police Personality?
6-2b. Is the Police Personality Innate or Learned?
6-2c. Police Cynicism
6-2d. The Dirty Harry Problem
6-3. Police Stress
6-3a. What Is Stress?
6-3b. Nature of Stress in Policing
6-3c. Factors Causing Stress in Policing
6-3d. Effects of Stress on Police Officers
6-3e. Stress and Police Families
6-3f. Police Departments Dealing with Stress
6-4. Police Suicide
6-5. Police Danger
6-5a. Officers Killed in the Line of Duty
6-5b. Officers Assaulted in the Line of Duty
6-5c. Police and Contagious Diseases
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 7. Minorities in Policing
7-1. Discrimination in Policing
7-1a. Discrimination against Women
7-1b. Discrimination against African Americans
7-1c. National Commissions to Study Discrimination
7-2. How Did Women and Minorities Strive for Equality?
7-2a. The Civil Rights Act of 1964
7-2b. The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
7-2c. The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972
7-2d. The Civil Rights Act of 1991
7-2e. Federal Courts and Job Discrimination
7-2f. Affirmative Action Programs
7-3. White Male Backlash
7-4. Academic Studies on Job Performance of Minorities
7-5. Minorities in Policing Today
7-5a. Female Representation
7-5b. African American Representation
7-5c. Hispanic Representation
7-5d. Asian Representation
7-5e. Muslim Representation
7-5f. Gay, Lesbian, and Transgender Representation
7-6. Challenges Persist for Minorities in Policing
7-6a. Challenges for Women
7-6b. Challenges for African Americans
7-6c. Challenges for Other Minorities
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 8. Police Ethics and Police Deviance
8-1. Ethics and the Police
8-2. The Dilemma of Law versus Order
8-3. Review of the Police
8-4. Police Corruption
8-4a. Examples of Police Corruption
8-4b. Reasons for Police Corruption
8-4c. Types and Forms of Corruption
8-4d. Noble Cause Corruption
8-4e. Effects of Police Corruption
8-5. Other Police Misconduct
8-5a. Drug-Related Misconduct
8-5b. Sleeping on Duty
8-5c. Police Deception
8-5d. Sex-Related Misconduct
8-5e. Domestic Violence in Police Families
8-6. Biased-Based Policing
8-7. Police Brutality
8-8. Responses to Police Corruption
8-8a. Investigations
8-8b. Discipline and Termination
8-8c. Preventive Administrative Actions
8-8d. Citizen Oversight
8-9. Police Civil and Criminal Liability
8-9a. State Liability
8-9b. Federal Liability
8-9c. Reasons for Suing Police Officers
8-9d. Effects of Lawsuits on Police Departments and Officers
8-9e. The Emotional Toll of Police Lawsuits
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Part 3. Police Operations
Chapter 9. Patrol Operations
9-1. Traditional Methods of Police Work
9-2. Police Patrol Operations
9-2a. Activities of the Patrol Officer
9-2b. The Legacy of O. W. Wilson
9-3. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Police Work
9-4. Random Routine Patrol: The Kansas City Study
9-5. Rapid Response to Citizens’ 911 Calls
9-5a. Academic Studies of the Police Patrol Function
9-5b. From the Foot Beat to the Patrol Car
9-5c. One-Officer versus Two-Officer Patrol Cars
9-5d. Return to Foot Patrol
9-6. Patrol Innovations: Working Smarter
9-6a. Evidence-Based Policing
9-6b. Predictive Policing
9-6c. Smart Policing
9-7. Personnel Deployment
9-7a. Directing Patrol Efforts
9-7b. Differential Response to Calls for Service and the 911 System
9-7c. Reverse 911
9-7d. Smart911
9-8. Allocation of Resources
9-8a. Personnel
9-8b. Vehicles
9-9. Alternative Strategies
9-9a. Tactical Operations
9-9b. Specialized Policing Responses to Individuals with Mental Illness
9-9c. Decoy Vehicles
9-9d. Alternative Vehicle Deployment
9-10. Police Traffic Operations
9-10a. Video Camera Traffic Enforcement
9-10b. The Challenge of Distracted Drivers
9-10c. Efforts against Drunk Drivers and Impaired Drivers
9-10d. Fighting Aggressive Driving
9-10e. Police Automobile Pursuits
9-11. Other Police Operational Units
9-11a. SWAT Teams and Police Paramilitary Units
9-11b. K-9 Units
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 10. Investigations
10-1. Retroactive Investigation of Past Crimes by Detectives
10-2. Detective Operations
10-2a. The Investigative Process
10-2b. What Detectives Do
10-2c. The Detective Mystique
10-3. Alternatives to Retroactive Investigation of Past Crimes by Detectives
10-3a. Improved Investigation of Past Crimes
10-3b. Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI)
10-3c. Mentoring and Training
10-4. Crime Analysis and Information Management
10-4a. Crime Analysis
10-4b. Information Management
10-4c. Multiagency Investigative Task Forces
10-4d. Repeat Offender Programs (ROPs)
10-4e. Internet Registries
10-4f. Global Positioning System (GPS) Technology, Smartphones, and Social Media
10-4g. Surveillance Cameras
10-4h. Cold-Case Squads
10-5. Proactive Tactics
10-5a. Decoy Operations
10-5b. Stakeout Operations
10-5c. Sting Operations
10-5d. Cybercrime Investigations
10-6. Undercover Operations
10-6a. Police Undercover Investigations
10-6b. Federal Undercover Investigations
10-6c. Drug Undercover Investigations
10-7. Entrapment
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 11. Police and Their Clients
11-1. The Need for Proper Police–Community Relationships
11-2. Human Relations, Public Relations, and Community Relations
11-3. Public Opinion and the Police
11-4. Police and Minority Communities
11-4a. Multiculturalism
11-4b. African Americans
11-4c. Hispanic Americans
11-4d. Asian Americans
11-4e. Native Americans
11-4f. Arab Americans and Muslims
11-4g. Jews
11-4h. Women
11-4i. The LGBTQ Community
11-4j. New Immigrants
11-5. Police and Special Populations
11-5a. The Physically Challenged
11-5b. The Aging Population
11-5c. Young People
11-5d. Crime Victims
11-5e. Victims of Domestic Violence
11-5f. The Mentally Ill
11-5g. The Homeless
11-6. Community Crime Prevention Programs
11-6a. Neighborhood Watch Programs
11-6b. National Night Out
11-6c. Citizen Patrols
11-6d. Citizen Volunteer Programs
11-6e. Home Security Surveys and Operation Identification
11-6f. Police Storefront Stations or Ministations
11-6g. Crime Stoppers
11-6h. Mass Media Campaigns
11-6i. Chaplain Programs
11-6j. Citizen Police Academies
11-6k. Other Police-Sponsored Crime Prevention Programs
11-7. Police and Business Cooperation
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 12. Community Policing
12-1. Corporate Strategies for Policing
12-2. The Philosophy of Community Policing and Problem-Solving Policing
12-3. Community Policing
12-4. Problem-Solving Policing
12-5. Successful Examples of Community-Oriented Policing
12-6. Community Policing Today
12-6a. Resident Officer Programs: The Ultimate in Community Policing?
12-7. The Federal Government and Community Policing
12-7a. The Crime Bill
12-7b. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)
12-8. Some Accomplishments of Community Policing
12-9. The Debate Continues on Community Policing
12-10. Homeland Security and the Future of Community Policing
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 13. Police and the Law
13-1. Crime in the United States
13-1a. The Judicial Process
13-1b. How Do We Measure Crime?
13-1c. Bureau of Justice Statistics
13-1d. How Much Crime Occurs in the United States?
13-1e. Arrests in the United States
13-1f. Crime and Punishment
13-2. The Police and the U.S. Constitution
13-2a. The Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment
13-2b. The Role of the Supreme Court in Regulating the Police
13-2c. The Exclusionary Rule
13-3. The Police and Arrest
13-3a. Probable Cause
13-3b. Reasonable and Deadly Force in Making Arrests
13-3c. Police Traffic Stops
13-4. The Police and Search and Seizure
13-4a. Canine Sniffs
13-5. The Warrant Requirement and the Search Warrant
13-5a. Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement
13-6. The Police and Custodial Interrogation
13-6a. The Path to Miranda
13-6b. The Miranda Ruling
13-6c. The Erosion of Miranda
13-6d. The Dickerson Ruling and beyond
13-6e. Police and Surreptitious Recording of Suspects’ Conversations
13-7. Police Eyewitness Identification Procedures
13-7a. Lineups, Showups, and Photo Arrays
13-7b. Other Identification Procedures
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Part 4. Critical Issues in Policing
Chapter 14. Computers, Technology, and Criminalistics in Policing
14-1. Computer Technology in Policing
14-1a. Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD)
14-1b. Automated Databases
14-1c. Automated Crime Analysis (Crime Mapping)
14-1d. Computer-Aided Investigation (Computer-Aided Case Management)
14-1e. Computer-Assisted Instruction
14-1f. Administrative Uses of Computers
14-1g. Computer Networks and the Internet
14-1h. Mobile Technology
14-2. Fingerprint Technology
14-2a. Basic Categories of Fingerprints
14-2b. Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems
14-2c. Automated Palm Print Technology
14-3. Less-than-Lethal Weapons
14-3a. Chemical Irritant Sprays
14-3b. The Taser and Other Stun Devices
14-3c. Safety and Effectiveness of Less-than-Lethal Weapons
14-4. Surveillance Technology
14-4a. Surveillance Vans
14-4b. Vehicle Tracking Systems
14-4c. Night Vision Devices
14-4d. Global Positioning Systems
14-4e. Surveillance Aircraft
14-4f. Electronic Video Surveillance
14-4g. Cell Phone Technology and Searches
14-5. Advanced Photographic Techniques
14-5a. Digital Photography
14-5b. Aerial Photography
14-5c. Mug Shot Imaging
14-5d. Age-Progression Photographs
14-5e. Composite Sketches
14-6. Modern Forensics or Criminalistics
14-6a. The CSI Effect
14-6b. The Modern Crime Lab
14-6c. Crime Lab Accreditation
14-6d. Computer/Digital Forensics
14-7. DNA Profiling
14-7a. The Science of DNA
14-7b. History of DNA in U.S. Courts
14-7c. Current Technology
14-7d. DNA Databases
14-7d. Other Current DNA Issues
14-8. Advanced Technology
14-8a. Biometric Identification
14-8b. In-Car and Body-Worn Cameras
14-8c. Robotics
14-9. Concerns about Technology and Civil Liberties
Summary
Key Terms
Review Exercises
Chapter 15. Homeland Security
15-1. Homeland Security
15-2. Terrorism
15-2a. International Terrorism
15-2b. Domestic Terrorism
15-3. Methods of Investigating Terrorism
15-3a. Proactive Methods
15-3b. Reactive Methods
15-4. Post-9/11 Response to Terrorism and Homeland Defense
15-4a. 9/11 Commission’s Review of Efforts for Homeland Security
15-5. Federal Law Enforcement Efforts for Homeland Security
15-5a. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
15-5b. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
15-5c. Secure Communities and Priority Enforcement Program: DHS and FBI
15-5d. Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)
15-5e. Other Federal Agencies
15-6. State and Local Law Enforcement Efforts for Homeland Security
15-6a. Local Efforts in Addressing Terrorism
15-6b. State and Local Training and Awareness Efforts
15-6c. State and Local Law Enforcement and Counterterrorism
15-7. Security versus Civil Liberties
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