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• ISBN 10:0128230940 

• ISBN 13:9780128230947,

• Author:Sudisha Jogaiah 

 Biocontrol Agents and Secondary Metabolites
Applications and Immunization for Plant Growth and Protection
Biocontrol and Secondary Metabolites: Applications and Immunization for Plant Growth and Protection covers established and updated research on emerging trends in plant defense signaling in, and during, stress phases. Other topics cover growth at interface as a sustainable way of life and the context of human welfare and conservation of fungi as a group of organisms. Further, the book explores induced systemic resistance using biocontrol agents and/or secondary metabolites as a milestone for sustainable agricultural production, thus providing opportunities for the minimization or elimination of the use of fungicides.

Biocontrol Agents and Secondary Metabolites Applications and Immunization for Plant Growth and Protection 1st Table of contents:

 Chapter 1: Fungi endophytes for biofactory of secondary metabolites: Genomics and metabolism
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Fungal endophytes frequency and transmission in plant organizations
1.3. Endophytic fungus as biofactory of bioactive compounds
1.4. Genome level secondary metabolism metabolic modeling
1.5. Gene clusters for fungal metabolism: Diversity and distribution
1.6. Methodological and technological advancement of genome for metabolites
1.6.1. Strategies for targeted genome editing
1.6.2. Protein-directed nucleases
1.6.3. Nucleic acid-guided nucleases
1.6.4. Further tools for genome editing: Integrases and recombinases
1.7. Production of SMs by pathway-specific overexpression regulatory genes
1.8. Genetic makeup of fungal secondary metabolism
1.9. Identifying gene clusters of fungi
1.10. Applications for secondary metabolites through genome editing and metabolic engineering
1.10.1. Forward genetics applications
1.10.2. Reverse genetics applications
1.10.3. Gene deletions
1.10.4. Variation in epigenetic mechanisms
1.10.5. Proteomic approach
1.10.6. Genome mining
1.10.7. Combined omics approach
1.11. Perspectives and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2: Impact of potassium solubilizing fungi as biopesticides and its role in crop improvement
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Importance of soil potassium
2.3. Role of potassium in plants
2.4. Role of microorganisms in potassium solubility and uptake
2.5. Role of potassium solubilizing fungi as biofertilizer
2.6. Role of potassium solubilizing fungi as biopesticide/biocontrol agent
2.7. Biocontrol agents
2.7.1. Penicillium
2.7.2. Aspergillus
2.8. Mode of action
2.8.1. Competition
2.8.2. Mycoparasitism
2.8.3. Antibiotic production
2.8.4. Induced resistance
2.9. Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions for benefit of agriculture and environment
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Trichoderma-plant interaction
3.2.1. Colonization in plant roots
3.2.2. Promotion of plant growth
3.2.3. Induction of plant defense responses
3.2.4. Soil environment vis-à-vis Trichoderma-plant interaction
3.2.5. Activity related to plant growth promotion, help in seed germination, and effect on plant mor
3.2.5.1. Effect on seed germination
3.3. Effect on plant physiology, effect on yield and quality of produce
3.3.1. Effect on yield and quality of produce
3.4. Induced resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses
3.5. Trichoderma-pathogen interactions
3.5.1. Mycoparasitism and lytic enzymes
3.5.1.1. Mycoparasitism
3.5.2. Antibiosis and secondary metabolites
3.5.3. Competition through pathogens and soil microbial community
3.6. The three-way interaction: Trichoderma-plant-pathogen
3.6.1. Trichoderma-pathogen networking
3.7. Future prospects
3.8. Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4: Trichoderma: From gene to field
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Trichoderma-mediated genes and elicitors-induced disease resistance in plant host system
4.3. Trichoderma-based biocontrol formulations
4.4. Trichoderma-based effector molecules: A model system to design specific bioformulations
4.5. Trichoderma effector proteins
4.6. Trichoderma secondary metabolites (SMs)-New effectors in plant interactions
4.7. Plant growth regulators (PGRs)
4.8. Nanotechnology-based Trichoderma formulation: Future trends for the biological control of plant
4.9. Innovative technology beyond the ordinary with synthetic biology interventions: Trichoderma pro
References
Chapter 5: Potential of Trichoderma species in alleviating the adverse effects of biotic and abiotic
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Interaction, colonization, and plant growth promotion by Trichoderma
5.3. Role of Trichoderma spp. in alleviating biotic stress
5.3.1. Antagonistic mechanisms employed by Trichoderma spp. in relieving biotic stress
5.3.1.1. Mycoparasitism
5.3.1.2. Antibiosis
5.3.1.3. Competition
5.4. Role of Trichoderma spp. in alleviating abiotic stress
5.4.1. Mechanism employed by Trichoderma spp. for abiotic stress tolerance
5.5. Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 6: Beneficial plant-associated bacteria modulate host hormonal system enhancing plant resist
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Plant response and adaptation to the abiotic stress condition
6.3. Abscisic acid (ABA)
6.4. Ethylene (ET)
6.5. Cytokinins (CK)
6.6. Gibberellins (GAs)
6.7. Auxin (AU)
6.8. Strigolactones (SLs)
6.9. Salicylic acid (SA)
6.10. Jasmonic acid (JA)
6.11. Other hormones
6.12. Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 7: Biocontrol potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) against Ralstonia sol
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Mechanisms of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria against Ralstonia solanacearum
7.2.1. Antibiosis
7.2.2. Competition for root niches and nutrients
7.2.3. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production
7.2.4. Siderophores production
7.2.5. Nitrogen fixation
7.2.6. Cell wall degrading enzymes
7.2.7. Phosphate solubilization
7.2.8. Phytohormone production
7.2.9. Induced systemic resistance (ISR)
7.3. Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Seed biopriming a novel method to control seed borne diseases of crops
8.1. Introduction
8.1.1. Seedborne diseases
8.1.2. Outcomes of seedborne diseases
8.2. Seed priming
8.2.1. History
8.2.2. Seed priming and its types
8.2.3. Techniques of seed priming
8.2.3.1. Hydropriming
8.2.3.2. Osmopriming
8.2.3.3. Nutrient priming
8.2.3.4. Chemical priming
8.2.3.5. Hormopriming
8.2.3.6. Plant extract priming
8.3. Biopriming
8.3.1. Different agents of seed biopriming
8.3.1.1. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
8.3.1.2. Antagonistic fungi
8.3.1.3. Mycorrhizal fungi
8.4. The procedure of seed biopriming
8.5. Mechanism of action of seed biopriming by bioagents
8.5.1. Beneficial influences on seedling growth and vigor
8.5.1.1. Speed Up and synchronization of seed germination
8.5.1.2. Plant growth
8.5.1.3. Mineral nutrition
8.5.1.4. Biopriming mediated physiological and biochemical advantages to the plants
8.5.1.5. Yield improvement
8.5.1.5.1. Disease resistance
8.5.1.6. Mechanisms of disease resistance induction through seed priming
8.5.2. Antagonistic effects on disease-causing pathogens
8.5.2.1. Destructive parasitism
8.5.2.2. Competition
8.5.2.3. Antibiosis
8.6. Conclusion and future perspective
References
Chapter 9: Metabolomic profile modification and enhanced disease resistance derived from alien genes
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Metabolomic modification derived from genetic alteration
9.3. Genetic basis of phytochemical biosynthesis
9.4. Active metabolites as biomarkers for disease resistance in plant breeding
9.5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Current trend and future prospects of secondary metabolite-based products from agricultu
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Overview of microbial metabolites
10.3. Mining platform and biochemical pathways of secondary metabolites biosynthesis
10.3.1. Type-I PKS
10.3.2. Type-II PKS
10.3.3. Type-III PKS
10.4. Genome mining for secondary metabolites
10.5. Applications
10.5.1. Biocontrol potential of secondary metabolites
10.5.2. Biological control of nematodes using microbial-derived secondary metabolites
10.5.3. Role of secondary metabolites of fungal origin in the control of plant pathogens
10.6. Conclusion
10.7. Future prospects and concerns
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11: Antimicrobial secondary metabolites from Trichoderma spp. as next generation fungicides
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Trichoderma as rhizofungi
11.3. Trichoderma CWDE and MAMP molecules on improving plant health
11.4. Molecular patterns of Trichoderma-mediated resistance response
11.5. Nonribosomal peptides and their antifungal activity
11.5.1. Peptaibiotics
11.5.2. Epipolythiodioxopiperazines
11.5.3. Siderophores
11.6. Polygalacturonase ThPG1
11.7. Xylanase Eix/Xyn2
11.8. Cellulases
11.9. Cerato-platanins in ISR and rhizosphere competence
11.10. Swollenin-mediated root colonization and resistance
11.11. Peptaibols: An inducer of signal molecules
11.12. 6-Pentyl pyrones trigger ISR/SAR and plant growth
11.13. Antifungal activity of trichothecenes
11.14. Volatile organic compounds and plant defense
11.15. Antifungal activity of terpenoids
11.16. Lytic enzymes
11.16.1. Serine protease
11.16.2. β-1,3 Glucanases
11.16.3. Chitinases
11.17. Antimicrobial genes of Trichoderma
11.18. Growth promotion by Trichoderma
11.19. Antimicrobial activity of Trichoderma secondary metabolites
11.20. Antimicrobial activity of VOC
11.21. Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Microbial secondary metabolites and their role in stress management of plants
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Microbial metabolites
12.2.1. Antibiotics
12.2.2. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase
12.2.3. Osmolytes
12.2.4. Siderophores
12.2.5. Exopolysaccharides
12.2.6. Phytohormones
12.2.6.1. Auxin
12.2.6.2. Gibberellic acid
12.2.6.3. Cytokinin
12.2.7. HCN
12.3. Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 13: Signatures of signaling pathways underlying plant-growth promotion by fungi
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Plant-growth promotion (PGP) by fungi (PGPF)
13.3. Molecular mechanisms or cell signaling of plant-growth promotion
13.3.1. Mechanism for attachment and colonization of PGPF on plant root and protection from plant de
13.3.2. Plant-growth promotion through hormone production
13.3.3. Auxin-mediated cell signaling pathway in plants
13.3.4. Plant-growth promotion through soil phosphate solubilization
13.3.4.1. Soil phosphate solubilization by organic acids produced by fungi
13.3.5. Fungal siderophore-mediated pathway for iron solubilization, uptake, and plant-growth promot
13.3.6. ACCD [1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase] mediated plant-growth promotion
13.4. Mycorrhizal fungi (MF) as growth promoter
13.5. Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 14: Overproduction of ROS: underlying molecular mechanism of scavenging and redox signaling
14.1. Introduction
14.2. ROS biochemistry
14.2.1. Singlet oxygen (1O2)
14.2.2. Superoxide radical (O2-)
14.2.3. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
14.2.4. Hydroxyl radicals (OH)
14.3. ROS Production in plant cell
14.3.1. Chloroplast and peroxisome-mediated ROS production
14.3.2. Mitochondrial ROS production
14.3.3. Endoplasmic reticulum-mediated ROS production
14.3.4. Apoplastic ROS production
14.3.5. Other sources of ROS production
14.4. ROS scavenging by the antioxidant defense system
14.4.1. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
14.4.2. Catalase (CAT)
14.4.3. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX)
14.4.4. Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR)
14.4.5. Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR)
14.4.6. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX)
14.4.7. Glutathione reductase (GR)
14.5. Nonenzymatic antioxidants
14.5.1. Ascorbic acid (AA)
14.5.2. Reduced glutathione (GSH)
14.5.3. Tocopherols
14.5.4. Carotenoids
14.5.5. Phenolics and flavonoids
14.5.6. Proline
14.6. ROS in redox signaling
14.6.1. RBOH proteins: diversity in their regulatory mechanism
14.6.2. Temporal coordination of ROS-signaling with other signals in plants
14.6.3. Spatial coordination of ROS signaling with other signals in plants
14.6.4. ROS-mediated activation of MAPK signaling
14.6.5. ROS signaling in systemic acquired acclimation to biotic and abiotic stresses
14.6.6. ROS signaling interaction with other signals
14.6.7. ROS-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) under abiotic stress
14.7. Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Antioxidant-mediated defense in triggering resistance against biotic stress in plants
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Early defense responses
15.3. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
15.3.1. ROS and biotic stress
15.4. ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
15.4.1. Cross talk of ROS and NO in plants
15.5. ROS scavenging via the antioxidant system
15.5.1. Enzymatic antioxidants
15.5.2. Nonenzymatic antioxidants
15.6. Enhancement of ROS scavenging and plant immunity
15.6.1. Biotic elicitors
15.6.2. Abiotic elicitors
15.7. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16: Role of terpenes in plant defense to biotic stress
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Role of terpenes in resistance to fungal diseases
16.3. Role of terpenes in interaction with bacteria
16.4. Role of terpenes in interaction with viruses
16.5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: Role of phenols and polyphenols in plant defense response to biotic and abiotic stresses
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Phenols and polyphenols in crops
17.2.1. Classification of phenols and polyphenols
17.2.1.1. Flavonoids
Catechins
Flavonols, flavones, and flavanones
Isoflavones and chalcones
Anthocyanidins
17.2.1.2. Coumarins
17.2.1.3. Phytoalexins
17.2.1.4. Tannins
17.2.1.5. Other polyphenols
Phenolic acid
Stilbenes and lignans
17.2.2. Biosynthesis of phenols and polyphenols
17.3. Systemic protection toward biotic and abiotic stresses
17.3.1. Biotic stress
17.3.1.1. Disease resistance
17.3.1.2. Response to herbivores
17.3.2. Abiotic stress
17.3.2.1. Heavy metal
17.3.2.2. Drought
17.3.2.3. Salinity
17.3.2.4. Ultraviolet rays
17.3.2.5. Cold stress
17.3.2.6. Nutrient stress
17.3.2.7. Other abiotic factors
17.4. Role of phenols and polyphenols in plant growth
17.4.1. Physiological roles
17.4.2. Symbiotic relation formation
17.4.2.1. Chemotaxis
17.4.2.2. Quorum sensing
17.4.2.3. Activation of nodulation and virulence genes
17.4.2.4. Detoxification
17.5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: Terpenoid indole alkaloids, a secondary metabolite in plant defense response
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Secondary metabolites classification
18.2.1. Terpenoids
18.2.2. Phenolic compounds
18.2.3. Nitrogen-containing compounds
18.2.3.1. Cyanogenic glycosides
18.2.3.2. Glucosinolates
18.2.3.3. Nonprotein amino acids
18.2.3.4. Alkaloids
18.2.3.5. Tropane alkaloids
18.2.3.6. Terpenoidindole alkaloids (TIAs)
18.3. Terpenoidindole alkaloid pathway
18.4. Localization of the TIA pathway
18.5. Regulation of the TIA pathway
18.5.1. Posttranscriptional regulation
18.5.2. Regulation by conditions of growth and environmental factors
18.6. Defense responses of TIAs in plants
References
Chapter 19: Exploring plant volatile compounds in sustainable crop improvement
19.1. Introduction
19.2. PVCs in protection against pathogens
19.3. PVCs in protection against herbivores
19.4. PVC-mediated weed control
19.5. PVCs in improving/suppressing plant growth and productivity
19.6. PVCs in smart agriculture practices
References
Chapter 20: Biostimulants: Promising probiotics for plant health
20.1. Introduction
20.2. Biostimulant: A changing perspective
20.3. Active components of biostimulant
20.3.1. Acids
20.3.2. Protein hydrolysates
20.3.3. Seaweed-derived additives (SWDA)
20.3.4. Biopolymers
20.3.5. The microbial component
20.4. Biofilms: A natural consortium
20.4.1. Microbial consortia means of wonderful soil remediation
20.5. Future prospects
References
Chapter 21: Explorations of fungal diversity in extreme environmental conditions for sustainable agr
21.1. Introduction
21.2. Explorations of fungal diversity
21.2.1. Fungal diversity in insect gut
21.2.2. Nematophagous fungi
21.2.3. Fungal association with orchids
21.2.4. Fungi in desert ecosystem
21.2.5. Fungi in denitrification
21.2.6. Fungi in marine ecosystem
21.2.7. Radiotrophic fungi
21.2.8. Fungi in Antarctica
21.2.9. Thermophilic fungi
21.3. Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: Diversity and functions of secondary metabolites secreted by epi-endophytic microbes and
22.1. Introduction
22.2. Biocontrol agents (BCAs)
22.3. Epi/endophytes
22.4. Secondary metabolites
22.5. Synthesis pathway and diversity
22.6. Interaction in spermosphere
22.7. Interaction in rhizosphere
22.8. Interaction with postharvest pathogens
22.9. Interaction in phyllosphere
22.10. Epiphytic microflora for plant disease management
22.11. Challenges and future perspectives for upscaling the secondary metabolites
References
Chapter 23: Fungal diversity and its role in sustainable agriculture
23.1. Introduction
23.2. Classification of fungi
23.3. Well-known groups
23.3.1. Macrolichens including most foliose and fruticose species
23.3.2. Polyporaceae sensu lato including Corticiaceae, Stereaceae, etc.
23.4. Moderately well-known groups
23.4.1. Agaricales (mushrooms including secotioid and hypogeous relatives)
23.4.2. Uredinales (rusts)
23.4.3. Hypocreales and Xylariales
23.5. Poorly known groups
23.5.1. Perithecial Euascomycetes and Loculoascomycetes (excluding the Erysiphales, Hypocreales, and
23.5.2. Nondematiaceous hyphomycetes
23.5.3. Endogonales and Glomales (vesicular mycorrhizae)
23.6. Fungi and ecosystems
23.6.1. Fungi and animals
23.6.2. Fungi and plants
23.6.3. Fungi and algae/cyanobacteria
23.7. Economic value of fungi
23.8. Biodiversity of fungi
23.9. Fungi in sustainable agriculture
23.10. Nutrient recycling
23.10.1. Decomposition of organic matter
23.11. Mycorrhiza
23.12. Endophytic fungi
23.12.1. Mushroom cultivation
23.13. Bioremediation
23.14. Fungi as biocontrol agents
23.15. Conclusion
References
Chapter 24: Exploring the biogeographical diversity of Trichoderma for plant health
24.1. Introduction
24.2. Is Trichoderma important?
24.3. Attributes of Trichoderma as a successful biocontrol organism
24.4. Ecology of Trichoderma
24.4.1. Ecology-based diversity of Trichoderma
24.5. Systematics of Trichoderma and its significance in biodiversity
24.5.1. Morphological taxonomy of Trichoderma
24.5.1.1. Key to Trichoderma genus
Colony
Chlamydospores
Conidiophores
Phialides
Phialospores
24.5.2. Sections of Trichoderma
24.5.2.1. Trichoderma
24.5.2.2. Pachybasium
24.5.2.3. Longibrachiatum (Bissett, 1984)
24.5.2.4. Saturnisporum
24.5.2.5. Hypocreanum (teleomorph of Trichoderma)
24.6. Global diversity of Trichoderma-An overview
24.7. Species diversity of Trichoderma
24.8. Ecological significance of Trichoderma
24.8.1. Trichoderma and plant health
24.9. Factors influencing bioefficacy of Trichoderma in maintaining plant health
24.9.1. pH
24.9.2. Moisture
24.10. Mode of action
24.10.1. Direct mode of action
24.10.1.1. Competition
24.10.1.2. Antibiosis
24.10.1.3. Hydrolytic enzymes
Cellulases
Proteases
24.10.1.4. α-glucosidases
24.10.1.5. β-1,3 glucanases
Chitinases
24.10.2. Spatial distribution of glucanases and chitinases
24.10.3. Mycoparasitism
24.10.4. Indirect modes of action
24.10.4.1. Induced resistance
24.10.4.2. Plant growth promotion
24.11. Commercial production and formulations
24.11.1. Talc-based formulation
24.11.2. Gypsum
24.11.3. Industrial wastes
24.11.4. Diatomaceous earth granules
24.11.5. Wheat bran: Sawdust formulation
24.11.6. Wheat bran: Peat
24.11.7. Vermiculite-Wheat bran
24.11.8. Alginate pellets
24.11.9. Other substrates
24.12. Shelf life
24.13. Delivery system
24.13.1. Seed treatment
24.13.2. Solid matrix priming
24.13.3. Soil
24.13.4. Cut stump application
24.13.5. Hive insert
24.14. Population dynamics of Trichoderma
24.14.1. Soil
24.14.2. Seeds
24.15. Strain improvement of Trichoderma
24.15.1. Genetic engineering
24.15.1.1. Methods of induction of new biotypes
24.15.1.2. Exposure to fungicides
24.15.1.3. Exposure to mutagens
24.15.1.4. Gamma irradiation
24.15.1.5. UV irradiation
24.15.1.6. Chemical mutagenesis
24.15.1.7. Protoplast fusion
24.15.1.8. Protoplast transformation
24.16. Industrial application of Trichoderma
24.16.1. Bioremediation by Trichoderma
24.16.2. Biodegradation of noxious chemicals
24.16.3. Biodegradation of pesticide
24.16.4. Phytobiation
24.17. Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: Pathogenesis-related proteins: Role in plant defense
25.1. Introduction
25.2. PR proteins
25.2.1. Discovery
25.2.2. Properties
25.2.3. Classification
25.2.4. Role and mechanism of action in plant defense
25.2.4.1. PR-13
25.2.4.2. PR-14
25.2.4.3. PR-15 and PR-16
25.2.4.4. PR-17
25.2.4.5. PR-18 and PR-19
25.3. Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 26: Different mechanisms of signaling pathways for plant protection from diseases by fungi
26.1. Introduction
26.2. Plant defense mechanism by utilization of fungi
26.2.1. Plant protection mechanisms by FBCAs (fungal biocontrol agents) against pathogens
26.2.1.1. Competition
26.2.1.2. Antibiosis
26.2.1.3. Mycoparasitism or hyperparasitism
26.2.1.4. Hypervirulence
26.2.1.5. Inactivation of pathogens enzymes by BCA
26.2.1.6. Induction of plant resistance by BCA
26.2.2. Induction of plant resistance/plant protection mechanisms by FBCA (fungal biocontrol agents)
26.2.2.1. General induced defense in the plant body
26.3. Signaling pathways during induced resistance (ISR and SAR)
26.4. Elicitors produced by FBCA
26.5. Transgenic approach for plant protection using BCA genes
26.6. Siderophore in plant immune defense response
26.7. ACCD [1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase] mediated plant defense
26.8. Induction of plant resistance/plant protection mechanisms by mycorrhizal fungi-plant interacti
26.9. Chemical interaction of the mycorrhizal fungi with the host
26.10. Genes and signaling pathway involved in the induction of resistance of host by mycorrhizal fu
26.11. Yeasts as BCA, induction of disease resistance signaling pathways in host plant
26.12. The three-way talk/interaction analysis: Trichoderma-plant-pathogen
26.13. Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Further reading
Chapter 27: Ecological studies of fungal biodiversity in freshwater and their broad-spectrum applica
27.1. Introduction
27.2. Diversity of fungi
27.3. Ecological impact on fungal biodiversity
27.4. Occurrence
27.5. Reproduction
27.6. Uses of fungi
27.6.1. Drugs
27.6.2. Cultured foods
27.6.3. Pest control
27.6.4. Bioremediation
27.7. Significance
References
Chapter 28: CRISPR/Cas system: A powerful approach for enhanced resistance against rice blast
28.1. Introduction
28.2. Concept-proof demonstration of CRISPR/Cas system in rice
28.3. Engineering rice blast resistance through CRISPR tool-kit
28.4. Perspectives for genome-edited blast-resistant rice
References
Chapter 29: Regulatory requirement for commercialization of biocontrol agents
29.1. Introduction
29.2. Biocontrol agents
29.2.1. Bacteria
29.2.2. Fungi
29.2.3. Viruses
29.2.4. Screening for commercialization of biocontrol agents
29.3. Regulatory requirements: Indian and global perspective
29.4. Summary and conclusion
Annexure. List of efficacious biocontrol agents
Acknowledgment
References
Index
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