campbell’s operative orthopaedics 14th edition by Frederick Azar, Terry Canale, James Beaty 0323672205 9780323672207

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ISBN-10 :  0323672205 

ISBN-13 :  9780323672207

Author : Frederick M.Azar, S. Terry Canale, James H. Beaty 

Still the most widely used comprehensive resource in orthopaedic surgery, Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics is an essential reference for trainees, a trusted clinical tool for practitioners, and the gold standard for worldwide orthopaedic practice. Unparalleled in scope and depth, this 14th Edition contains updated diagnostic images, practical guidance on when and how to perform every procedure, and rapid access to data in preparation for surgical cases or patient evaluation. Drs. Frederick M. Azar and James H. Beaty, along with other expert contributors from the world-renowned Campbell Clinic, have collaborated diligently to ensure that this 4-volume text remains a valuable resource in your practice, helping you achieve optimal outcomes with every patient.

campbell’s operative orthopaedics 14th Table of contents:

Part I. General Principles
Chapter 1. Surgical Techniques
Surgical Techniques
Tourniquets
Radiographs in the Operating Room
Preventing Mistakes
Positioning of the Patient
Local Preparation of the Patient
Draping
Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis Virus Transmission
Reversing Prophylactic Anticoagulation Prior to Surgery
Blood Loss Control During Surgery
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis
Postoperative Pain Control
Special Operative Techniques
Methods of Tendon-to-Bone Fixation
Fixation of Tendon to Bone
Tendon Fixation into the Intramedullary Canal
Tendon to Bone Fixation Using Locking Loop Suture
Tendon to Bone Fixation Using Wire Suture
Fixation of Osseous Attachment of Tendon to Bone
Bone Grafting
Removal of a Tibial Graft
Removal of Fibular Grafts
Removal of an Iliac Bone Graft
Surgical Approaches
Approach to the Interphalangeal Joints
Medial Approach to the Great Toe Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Dorsomedial Approach to Great Toe Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Approach to the Lesser Toe Metatarsophalangeal Joints
Medial Approach to the Calcaneus
Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus
Extended Lateral Approach to the Calcaneus
Sinus Tarsi Approach
U-Shaped Approach to the Calcaneus
Kocher Approach (Curved L) to the Calcaneus
Tarsus and Ankle
Anterolateral Approach to Chopart Joint
Anterior Approach to Expose the Ankle Joint and Both Malleoli
Kocher Lateral Approach to the Tarsus and Ankle
Ollier Approach to the Tarsus
Single-Incision Posterolateral Approach to the Lateral and Posterior Malleoli
Posterolateral Approach to the Ankle
Anterolateral Approach to the Lateral Dome of the Talus
Posterior Approach to the Ankle
Medial Approach to the Tarsus
Medial Approach to the Ankle
Medial Approach to the Posterior Lip of the Tibia
Tibia
Anterolateral Approach to the Tibia
Medial Approach to the Tibia
Posterolateral Approach to the Tibial Shaft
Anterolateral Approach to the Lateral Tibial Plateau
Medial Approach to the Medial Tibial Plateau
Posteromedial Approach to the Medial Tibial Plateau
Posteromedial Approach (Prone) to the Superomedial Tibia
Posterolateral Approach to the Tibial Plateau
Posterolateral Approach to the Tibial Plateau Without Fibular Osteotomy
Tscherne-Johnson Extensile Approach to the Lateral Tibial Plateau
Anterolateral Approach for Access to Posterolateral Corner
Posterolateral Approach to the Fibula
Knee
Anteromedial Parapatellar Approach
Subvastus (Southern) Anteromedial Approach to the Knee
Anterolateral Approach to the Knee
Posterolateral Approach to the Knee
Posteromedial Approach to the Knee
Medial Approach to the Knee
Medial Approach to the Knee
Transverse Approach to the Meniscus
Lateral Approach to the Knee
Lateral Approach to the Knee
Lateral Approach to the Knee
Extensile Approach to the Knee
Direct Posterior Approach to the Knee
Direct Posteromedial Approach to the Knee for Tibial Plateau Fracture
Direct Posterolateral Approach to the Knee
Anterolateral Approach to the Femur
Lateral Approach to the Femoral Shaft
Posterolateral Approach to the Femoral Shaft
Posterior Approach to the Femur
Medial Approach to the Posterior Surface of the Femur in the Popliteal Space
Lateral Approach to the Posterior Surface of the Femur in the Popliteal Space
Lateral Approach to the Proximal Shaft and the Trochanteric Region
Hip
Anterior Iliofemoral Approach to the Hip
Anterior Approach to the Hip Using a Transverse Incision
Modified Anterolateral Iliofemoral Approach to the Hip
Lateral Approach to the Hip
Lateral Approach for Extensive Exposure of the Hip
Lateral Approach to the Hip Preserving the Gluteus Medius
Lateral Transgluteal Approach to the Hip
Lateral Transgluteal Approach to the Hip
Posterolateral Approach
Posterior Approach to the Hip
Posterior Approach to the Hip
Medial Approach to the Hip
Acetabulum and Pelvis
Stoppa Approach
Ilioinguinal Approach to the Acetabulum
Iliofemoral Approach to the Acetabulum
Kocher-Langenbeck Approach
Modified Gibson Approach
Extensile Iliofemoral Approach
Extensile Iliofemoral Approach
Triradiate Extensile Approach to the Acetabulum
Extensile Approach to the Acetabulum
Approach to the Ilium
Approach to the Symphysis Pubis
Posterior Approach to the Sacroiliac Joint
Anterior Approach to the Sacroiliac Joint
Approach to Both Sacroiliac Joints or Sacrum
Spine
Sternoclavicular Joint
Approach to the Sternoclavicular Joint
Approach to the Acromioclavicular Joint and Coracoid Process
Shoulder
Anteromedial Approach to the Shoulder
Anteromedial/Posteromedial Approach to the Shoulder
Anterior Axillary Approach to the Shoulder
Anterolateral Limited Deltoid-Splitting Approach to the Shoulder
Extensile Anterolateral Approach to the Shoulder
Transacromial Approach to the Shoulder
Posterior Deltoid-Splitting Approach to the Shoulder
Posterior Approach to the Shoulder
Simplified Posterior Approach to the Shoulder
Posterior Inverted-U Approach to the Shoulder
Humerus
Anterolateral Approach to the Shaft of the Humerus
Subbrachial Approach to the Humerus
Posterior Approach to the Proximal Humerus
Posterolateral Approach to the Distal Humeral Shaft
Posterolateral Extensile (Cold) Approach to the Distal Humerus
Elbow
Posterolateral Approach to the Elbow
Extensile Posterolateral Approach to the Elbow
Posterior Approach to the Elbow by Olecranon Osteotomy
Extensile Posterior Approach to the Elbow
Lateral Approach to the Elbow
Lateral J-Shaped Approach to the Elbow
Medial Approach with Osteotomy of the Medial Epicondyle
Medial and Lateral Approach to the Elbow
Global Approach to the Elbow
Posterolateral Approach to the Radial Head and Neck
Approach to the Proximal and Middle Thirds of the Posterior Surface of the Radius
Anterolateral Approach to the Proximal Shaft and Elbow Joint
Anterior Approach to the Distal Half of the Radius
Anterior Approach to the Coronoid Process of the Proximal Ulna
Approach to the Proximal Third of the Ulna and the Proximal Fourth of the Radius
Dorsal Approach to the Wrist
Dorsal Approach to the Wrist
Volar Approach to the Wrist
Lateral Approach to the Wrist
Medial Approach to the Wrist
Hand
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 2. Advanced Imaging in Orthopaedics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Mri Technology and Technique
Contraindications
Contrast Agents in Mri
Foot and Ankle
Knee
Hip
Spine
Shoulder
Wrist and Elbow
Elbow
Tumor Imaging
Computed Tomography
Conclusion
References
Supplemental References
Part II. Reconstructive Procedures of the Hip in Adults
Chapter 3. Arthroplasty of the Hip
Applied Biomechanics
Design and Selection of Total Hip Components
Indications and Contraindications for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Preoperative Patient Evaluation and Optimization
Preoperative Radiographs
Preoperative Templating for Total Hip Arthroplasty
The Hip-Spine Relationship
Preparation and Draping
Surgical Approaches and Techniques
Implantation of Cemented Acetabular Component
Implantation of Cementless Femoral Component
Implantation of Cemented Femoral Component
Surgical Problems Relative to Specific Hip Disorders
Complications
Gluteus Maximus and Tensor Fascia Lata Transfer for Primary Deficiency of the Abductors of the Hip
Revision After Adverse Local Tissue Reaction
revision Of Total Hip Arthroplasty
Transtrochanteric Approach for Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Removal of Cementless Femoral Component
Removal of Implants With Extensive Distal BoneIngrowth
Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy
Removal of a Broken Femoral Component
Removal of a Broken Stem—Proximal Window
Removal of a Broken Stem—Distal Window
Removal of Femoral Cement
Removal of Distal Cement With A High-Speed Burr
Removal of Distal Cement With A High-Speed Burr and Cortical Window
Removal of A Loose All-Polyethylene Cup
Removal of a Metal-Backed, Cemented Acetabular Component
Cementless Acetabular Component
Management of Acetabular Cavitary Deficits
Management of Segmental Acetabular Deficit with Femoral Head Allograft
Management of Segmental Acetabular Deficit With Metal Augment
Management of Combined Deficits With Structural Grafting
Acetabular Distraction for Management of Pelvic Discontinuity
Cup-Cage Technique for Management of Pelvic Discontinuity
Management of Pelvic Discontinuity With Allografting and Custom Component
Management of Femoral Deficit with Modular Femoral Component
Revision with Extensively Porous-Coated Femoral Stem
Management of Proximal Femoral Bone Loss With Modular Tapered Fluted Stem
Management of Proximal Femoral Deficiencies with Impaction Bone Grafting and Cemented Revision Stem
Management of Massive Deficits with Proximal Femoral Allograft-Prosthesis Composite
Management of Massive Deficits with Modular Megaprosthesis
Postoperative Management of Total Hip Arthroplasty
References
Developmental Dysplasia
Supplemental References
Chapter 4. Surface Replacement Hip Arthroplasty
Results
Indications and Patient Selection
Preoperative Radiographic Evaluation and Templating
Postoperative Management
Hip Resurfacing Technique—Birmingham Hip Replacement
Revision of Surface Replacement Arthroplasty Components
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 5. Arthrodesis of the Hip
Indications and Results
Techniques
Arthrodesis With Cancellous Screw Fixation
Arthrodesis With Anterior Fixation
Arthrodesis With Double-Plate Fixation
Arthrodesis With Cobra Plate Fixation
Arthrodesis With Hip Compression Screw Fixation
Arthrodesis in the Absence of the Femoral Head
Arthrodesis of the Proximal Femur to the Ischium
Total Hip Arthroplasty After Hip Arthrodesis
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 6. Hip Pain in the Young Adult and Hip Preservation Surgery
Evaluation and History
Femoroacetabular Impingement
Surgical Dislocation Of The Hip
Combined Hip Arthroscopy And Limited Open Osteochondroplasty
Mini-Open Direct Anterior Approach
Hip Dysplasia
Bernese Periacetabular Osteotomy
Rectus-Sparing Modification of Bernese Osteotomy
Extraarticular Sources of Hip Pain
Step-Cut Lengthening Of The Iliotibial Band
Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Core Decompression
Core Decompression—Percutaneous Technique
Idiopathic Transient Osteoporosis
Protrusio Acetabuli
Adult-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Neuropathic Arthropathy (Charcot Joint)
References
Supplemental References
Part III. Reconstructive Procedures of the Knee in Adults
Chapter 7. Arthroplasty of the Knee
Modern Prosthesis Evolution and Design
Knee and Implant Biomechanics
Indications and Contraindications
Results of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Preoperative evaluation
Surgical Technique for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Surgical Approach for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Bone Preparation for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Pie-Crusting
Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Varus Knee
Posterior Cruciate–Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty of A Varus Knee
Valgus Deformity Correction
Flexion Contracture Correction
Recurvatum Correction
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Balancing
Bone Grafting of Peripheral Tibial Defects
Component Implantation
Patellofemoral Arthroplasty
Surgical Problems Relative to Specific Disorders
Complications
Arthrodesis With an Intramedullary Nail for an Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 8. Arthrodesis of the Knee
Indications and Results
Techniques
Compression Arthrodesis Using External Fixation
Arthrodesis Using Intramedullary Nail Fixation
Knee Arthrodesis With Locked Intramedullary Nail After Failed Total Knee Arthroplasty
Arthrodesis Using Plate Fixation
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 9. Soft-Tissue Procedures and Osteotomies About the Knee
Muscle Contractures
Proximal Release of Quadriceps
Quadricepsplasty for Posttraumatic Contracture of the Knee
Snapping Syndromes
Painful Paraarticular Calcifications
Tendinitis and Bursitis
Drainage of Bursa
Excision of Bursa
Popliteal Cyst Excision
Medial Gastrocnemius Bursa Excision
Semimembranosus Bursa Excision
Semitendinosus Tendon Transfer
Chronic Synovitis
Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Knee
Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Lateral Closing Wedge Osteotomy
Opening Wedge Hemicallotasis
Varus Distal Femoral Osteotomy
References
Supplemental References
Part IV. Reconstructive Procedures of the Ankle in Adults
Chapter 10. Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Development of Total Ankle Arthroplasty Systems
Design Rationale
Preoperative Evaluation
Indications
Total Ankle Arthroplasty or Ankle Arthrodesis for Ankle Arthritis
Outpatient Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Considerations for Adjunctive Procedures
Dome Osteotomy for Correction of Varus Deformity Above the Ankle Deformity
Medial Tibial Plafondplasty for Varus Deformity at the Ankle Joint
Reconstruction of Lateral Ankle Ligaments for Chronic Instability as an Adjunct to Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Tibiotalar Arthrodesis Conversion to Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Outcomes
Complications
Revision Ankle Arthroplasty
Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 11. Ankle Arthrodesis
Alternatives to Ankle Arthrodesis
Opening Wedge Osteotomy of the Tibia for Varus Deformity and Medial Joint Arthrosis
Intraarticular Opening Medial Wedge Osteotomy (Plafond-Plasty) of the Tibia for Intraarticular Varus Arthritis and Instability
Distraction Arthroplasty of the Ankle
Indications for Ankle Arthrodesis
Patient Evaluation
Techniques of Ankle Arthrodesis
Mini-Incision Technique
Transfibular (Transmalleolar) Arthrodesis With Fibular Strut Graft
Anterior approach with plate fixation
Lateral Approach With Fibular Sparing
Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis
Tibiocalcaneal Arthrodesis
Posterior Approach for Arthrodesis of Ankle and Subtalar Joints
Arthrodesis With a Thin-Wire External Fixation
Special Considerations
Tibiotalar Arthrodesis With a Sliding Bone Graft
Tibiotalar or Tibiotalocalcaneal Fusion With Structural Allograft and Internal Fixation for Salvage of Failed Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Bone Graft Harvest From the Proximal Tibia
Complications
References
Supplemental References
Part V. Reconstructive Procedures of the Shoulder and Elbow in Adults
Chapter 12. Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty
Reconstructive Procedures of the Shoulder
Hemiarthroplasty
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Reconstructive Procedures of the Elbow
Debridement Arthroplasty
Interposition Arthroplasty
Radial Head Arthroplasty
Coonrad-Morrey Prosthesis
Elbow Resection Arthroplasty
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 13. Salvage Operations for the Shoulder and Elbow
Shoulder Arthrodesis
External Fixation
Plate Fixation
Pelvic Reconstruction Plate
Shoulder Arthrodesis After Failed Prosthetic Shoulder Arthroplasty
Arthroscopic Shoulder Arthrodesis for Brachial Plexus Injury
Elbow Arthrodesis
Elbow Arthrodesis
Elbow Arthrodesis
Elbow Arthrodesis
Tendon Transfers for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Latissimus Dorsi Transfer, Open Technique
Latissimus Dorsi Transfer, Arthroscopically Assisted Technique
Lower Trapezius Transfer, Open Technique
Lower Trapezius Transfer, Arthroscopically Assisted Technique
Pectoralis Major Transfer
Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer
References
Supplemental References
Part VI. Amputations
Chapter 14. General Principles of Amputations
Incidence and Indications
Surgical Principles of Amputations
Complications
Amputations in Children
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 15. Amputations of the Foot
Toe Amputations
Terminal Syme Amputation
Amputation at the Base of the Proximal Phalanx
Metatarsophalangeal Joint Disarticulation
First Or Fifth Ray Amputation (Border Ray Amputation)
Multiple Ray Amputation
Central Ray Amputation
Transmetatarsal Amputation
Midfoot Amputations
Chopart Amputation
Hindfoot and Ankle Amputations
Syme Amputation
Two-Stage Syme Amputation
Boyd Amputation
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 16. Amputations of the Lower Extremity
Foot and Ankle Amputations
Transtibial (Below-Knee) Amputations
Transtibial Amputation
Transtibial Amputation Using Long Posterior Skin Flap
Disarticulation Of The Knee
Knee Disarticulation
Knee Disarticulation
Knee Disarticulation
Transfemoral (Above-Knee) Amputations
Transfemoral (Above-Knee) Amputation of Nonischemic Limbs
Transfemoral (Above-Knee) Amputation of Nonischemic Limbs
Supplemental References
Chapter 17. Amputations of the Hip and Pelvis
Disarticulation of the Hip
Anatomic Hip Disarticulation
Posterior Flap
External Hemipelvectomy (Hindquarter Amputation)
Standard Hemipelvectomy
Anterior Flap Hemipelvectomy
Conservative Hemipelvectomy
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 18. Major Amputations of the Upper Extremity
Hand Amputations
Wrist Amputations
Amputation at the Wrist
Disarticulation of the Wrist
Forearm Amputations (Transradial)
Distal Forearm (Distal Transradial) Amputation
Proximal Third of Forearm (Proximal Transradial) Amputation
Elbow Disarticulation
Disarticulation of the Elbow
Arm Amputations (Transhumeral)
Supracondylar Area
Amputation Proximal to the Supracondylar Area
Shoulder Amputations
Amputation Through the Surgical Neck of the Humerus
Disarticulation of the Shoulder
Forequarter Amputations
Anterior Approach
Posterior Approach
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) After Shoulder or Transhumeral Amputation
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation After Transhumeral Amputation
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 19. Amputations of the Hand
Considerations for Amputation
Principles of Finger Amputations
Fingertip Amputations
Kutler V-Y or Atasoy Triangular Advancement Flaps
Atasoy Triangular Advancement Flaps
Bipedicle Dorsal Flaps
Adipofascial Turnover Flap
Cross-Finger Flaps for Reconstruction of Fingertip Amputations
Thenar Flap
Local Neurovascular Island Flap
Island Pedicle Flap
Retrograde Island Pedicle Flap
Ulnar Hypothenar Flap
Amputations of Single Fingers
Index Ray Amputation
Transposing the Index Ray
Thumb Amputations
Advancement Pedicle Flap for Thumb Injuries
Amputations of Multiple Digits
Phalangization of Fifth Metacarpal
Painful Amputation Stump
Reconstructions After Amputation
Krukenberg Reconstruction
Lengthening of the Metacarpal and Transfer of Local Flap
Osteoplastic Reconstruction and Transfer of Neurovascular Island Graft
Riordan Pollicization
Buck-Gramcko Pollicization
Foucher Pollicization
References
Supplemental References
Part VII. Infections
Chapter 20. General Principles of Infection
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B and C
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 21. Osteomyelitis
Classification
Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
Drainage of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
Subacute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
Chronic Osteomyelitis
Sequestrectomy and Curettage for Chronic Osteomyelitis
Open Bone Grafting
Antibiotic Bead Pouch
Intramedullary Antibiotic Cement Nail
Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of Garré
Residual Stage of Osteomyelitis
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Anaerobic Osteomyelitis
Incision and Drainage for Osteomyelitis of Specific Regions
Split-Heel Incision
Distal third of the femur
Drainage
Resection or Excision for Osteomyelitis
Resection of the Metatarsals
Partial Calcanectomy
Resection of the Fibula
Resection of the Iliac Wing
Amputation for Osteomyelitis
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 22. Infectious Arthritis
Clinical Presentation
Synovial Fluid Studies
Imaging Studies
Pathogenesis
Microbiology
Treatment
Tarsal Joints
Surgical Drainage Of The Tarsal Joint
Ankle
Anterolateral Drainage of the Ankle
Posterolateral Drainage of the Ankle
Anteromedial Drainage of the Ankle
Posteromedial Drainage of the Ankle
Knee
Arthroscopic Drainage of the Knee
Anterior Drainage of the Knee
Posterolateral and Posteromedial Drainage of the Knee
Posteromedial Drainage of the Knee
Posteromedial and Posterolateral Drainage of the Knee
HIP
Lateral Aspiration of the Hip
Anterior Aspiration of the Hip
Medial Aspiration of the Hip
Posterior Drainage of the Hip
Anterior Drainage of the Hip
Lateral Drainage of the Hip
Medial Drainage of the Hip
Arthroscopic Debridement and Partial Synovectomy of the Hip in an Adult
Resection of the Hip
Sacroiliac Joint
Spine
Sternoclavicular and Acromioclavicular Joints
Shoulder
Anterior Drainage of the Shoulder
Posterior Drainage of the Shoulder
Elbow
Medial Drainage of the Elbow
Lateral Drainage of the Elbow
Posterior Drainage of the Elbow
Wrist
Lateral Drainage of the Wrist
Medial Drainage of the Wrist
Dorsal Drainage of the Wrist
Operations to Correct Deformities After Septic Arthritis
Osteotomy of the Ankle
Transverse Supracondylar Osteotomy of the Femur
V-Osteotomy of the Femur
Supracondylar Cuneiform Osteotomy of the Femur
Supracondylar Controlled Rotational Osteotomy of the Femur
Intraarticular Osteotomy
Reconstruction After hip Sepsis
Transverse Opening Wedge Osteotomy of the Hip
Transverse Closing Wedge Osteotomy of the Hip
Brackett Osteotomy of the Hip
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 23. Tuberculosis and other Unusual Infections
Tuberculosis
Curettage for Tuberculous Lesions in the Foot
Excision of Metatarsal
Excision of Cuneiform Bones
Excision of Navicular
Excision of Cuboid
Excision of Calcaneus
Excision of Talus
Partial Synovectomy and Curettage
Lesions Above Acetabulum
Lesions of the Femoral Neck
Lesions of the Trochanteric Area
Excision of the Hip Joint
Excision of Elbow Joint
Excision of Wrist Joint
Other Unusual Infections
References
Supplemental References
Part VIII. Tumors
Chapter 24. General Principles of Tumors
Diagnostic Evaluation
Adjuvant Treatment
Principles of Surgery
Surgical Techniques
Resection of the Shoulder Girdle
Resection of the Scapula
Resection of the Proximal Humerus
Intercalary Resection of the Humeral Shaft
Resection of the Distal Humerus
Resection of the Proximal Radius
Resection of the Proximal Ulna
Resection of the Distal Radius
Resection of the Pubis and Ischium
Resection of the Acetabulum
Resection of the Innominate Bone (Internal Hemipelvectomy)
Resection of the Sacroiliac Joint
Resection of the Sacrum
Resection of the Sacrum
Resection of the Sacrum Through Posterior Approach
Resection of Vertebrae
Resection of the Proximal Femur
Resection of the Entire Femur
Intraarticular Resection of the Distal Femur with Endoprosthetic Reconstruction
Resection of the Proximal Tibia
Resection of the Distal Femur or Proximal Tibia with Allograft Arthrodesis
Resection of the Proximal Fibula
Resection of the Tibial Diaphysis
Resection of the Distal Third of the Fibula
Rotationplasty for a Lesion in the Distal Femur
Rotationplasty for a Lesion of the Proximal Femur Without Involvement of the Hip Joint
Rotationplasty for a Lesion of the Proximal Femur Involving the Hip Joint
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 25. Benign Bone Tumors and Nonneoplastic Conditions Simulating Bone Tumors
Bone-Forming Tumors
Cartilage Lesions
Fibrous Lesions
Cystic Lesions
Fatty Tumors
Vascular Tumors
Other Nonneoplastic Lesions
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 26. Benign/Aggressive Tumors of Bone
Giant Cell Tumor
Chondroblastoma
Chondromyxoid Fibroma
Osteoblastoma
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 27. Malignant Tumors of Bone
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Chordoma
Adamantinoma
Malignant Vascular Tumors
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma and Fibrosarcoma
Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytoma
Lymphoma
Metastatic Carcinoma
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 28. Soft-Tissue Tumors
Benign Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions (Table 28.1)
Malignant Tumors (Table 28.2)
References
Supplemental References
Part IX. Congenital And Developmental Disorders
Chapter 29. Congenital Anomalies of the Lower Extremity
Anomalies of the Toes
Amputation of an Extra Toe (Simple Postaxial Polydactyly)
Tsuge Ray Reduction
Ray Reduction
Ray Amputation
Simplified Cleft Closure
Correction of Angulated Toe
Arthroplasty of the Fifth Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Creation of Syndactyly of the Great Toe and Second Toe for Hallux Varus
Dome-Shaped Osteotomies of Metatarsal Bases
Cuneiform and Cuboid Osteotomies
Anomalies of the Foot
Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer
Transverse Circumferential (Cincinnati) Incision
Extensile Posteromedial and Posterolateral Release
Achilles Tendon Lengthening and Posterior Capsulotomy (Selective Approach)
First Metatarsal Osteotomy and Tendon Transfer for Dorsal Bunion
Osteotomy of the Calcaneus for Persistent Varus Deformity of the Heel
Medial Release with Osteotomy of the Distal Calcaneus
Selective Joint-Sparing Osteotomies for Residual Cavovarus Deformity
Triple Arthrodesis
Talectomy
Open Reduction and Realignment of Talonavicular and Subtalar Joints
Open Reduction and Extraarticular Subtalar Fusion
Anomalies of the Leg
Tibiofibular Synostosis
Insertion of Williams Intramedullary Rod and Bone Grafting
One-Stage or Two-Stage Release of Circumferential Constricting Band
Capsular Release and Quadriceps Lengthening for Correction of Congenital Knee Dislocation
Lateral Release and Medial Plication
Distal Fibulotalar Arthrodesis
Proximal Tibiofibular Synostosis
Varus Supramalleolar Osteotomy of the Ankle
Knee Fusion for Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency
Rotationplasty
Syme Amputation
Boyd Amputation
Physeal Exposure Around the Knee
Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis
Percutaneous Transepiphyseal Screw Epiphysiodesis
Tension Plate Epiphysiodesis
Proximal Femoral Metaphyseal Shortening
Distal Femoral Metaphyseal Shortening
Proximal Tibial Metaphyseal Shortening
Tibial Diaphyseal Shortening
Closed Femoral Diaphyseal Shortening
Transiliac Lengthening
Tibial Lengthening
Tibial Lengthening
Tibial Lengthening Over Intramedullary Nail (PRECICE Intramedullary Lengthening System, Ellipse Technologies, Irvine, Ca)
Femoral Lengthening
Femoral Lengthening
Femoral Lengthening Over Intramedullary Nail (PRECICE)
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 30. Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the hip and Pelvis
Developmental Dysplasia of the hip
Arthrography of the hip in Ddh
Application of a Hip Spica Cast
Anterior Approach
Medial Approach
Trochanteric Advancement
Varus Derotational Osteotomy of the Femur in Hip Dysplasia, With Pediatric hip Screw Fixation
Primary Femoral Shortening
Innominate Osteotomy Including Open Reduction
Pericapsular Osteotomy of the Ilium
Triple Innominate Osteotomy
Transiliac (Dega) Osteotomy
Slotted Acetabular Augmentation
Innominate Osteotomy With Medial Displacement Of The Acetabulum (Chiari)
Congenital and Developmental Coxa Vara
Valgus Osteotomy for Developmental Coxa Vara
Exstrophy of the Bladder
Bilateral Anterior Iliac Osteotomies
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 31. Congenital Anomalies of the Trunk and Upper Extremity
Congenital Elevation of the Scapula (Sprengel Deformity)
Woodward Operation
Morcellation of the Clavicle
Congenital Muscular Torticollis
Unipolar Release
Bipolar Release
Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Clavicle
Open Reduction and Iliac BoneGrafting for Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Clavicle
Congenital Dislocation of the Radial Head
Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Radius
Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Ulna
Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis
Radial and Ulnar Osteotomies for Correction of Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis (Two-Stage)
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 32. Osteochondrosis or Epiphysitis and Other Miscellaneous Affections
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Innominate Osteotomy for Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Lateral Shelf Procedure for Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Varus Derotational Osteotomy of the Proximal Femur for Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Reversed or Closing Wedge Technique for Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Arthrodiastasis for Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Osteochondroplasty Surgical Dislocation of the hip
Trochanteric Advancement for Trochanteric Overgrowth
Trochanteric Advancement For Trochanteric Overgrowth
Greater Trochanteric Epiphysiodesis for Trochanteric Overgrowth
Osteochondrosis or Epiphysitis
Tibial Tuberosity and Ossicle Excision
Excision of Ununited Tibial Tuberosity Fragment for Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Arthroscopic Ossicle and Tibial Tuberosity Debridement for Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Extraarticular Drilling for Stable Osteochondritis Dissecans of The Knee
Reconstruction of The Articular Surface With Osteochondral Plug Grafts for Osteochondrosis of the Capitellum
Tibia Vara (Blount Disease)
Metaphyseal Osteotomy for Tibia Vara
Chevron Osteotomy for Tibia Vara
Epiphyseal and Metaphyseal Osteotomy for Tibia Vara
Hemielevation of The Epiphysis Osteotomy With Leg Lengthening Using an Ilizarov Frame for Tibia Vara
Rickets, Osteomalacia, and Renal Osteodystrophy
Hemophilia
Synovectomy of the Knee in Hemophilia
Synoviorthesis for Treatment of Hemophilic Arthropathy
Open Ankle Synovectomy in Hemophilia
Congenital Affections
Fassier-Duval Telescoping rod, Femur
Tibial Lengthening Over an Intramedullary Nail With External Fixation in Dwarfism
Bony Bridge Resection for Physeal Arrest
Bony Bridge Resection and Angulation Osteotomy for Physeal Arrest
Peripheral and Linear Physeal bar Resection for Physeal Arrest
Central Physeal bar Resection for Physeal Arrest
References
Supplemental References
Part X. Nervous System Disorders in Children
Chapter 33. Cerebral Palsy
Etiology
Classification
Diagnosis
Associated Conditions
Treatment
Hip
Adductor Tenotomy and Release
Iliopsoas Recession
Iliopsoas Release at the Lesser Trochanter
Combined One-Stage Correction of Spastic Dislocated Hip
Proximal Femoral Resection
Redirectional Osteotomy (Mchale Procedure for Neglected Hip Dislocation)
Hip Arthrodesis
Knee
Fractional Lengthening of Hamstring Tendons
Distal Femoral Extension Osteotomy and Patellar Tendon Advancement
Rectus Femoris Transfer
Rotational Abnormalities
Foot and Ankle
Z-Plasty Lengthening of the Achilles Tendon
Percutaneous Lengthening of the Achilles Tendon
Gastrocnemius-Soleus Lengthening
Musculotendinous Recession of the Posterior Tibial Tendon
Split Posterior Tibial Tendon Transfer
Split Anterior Tibial Tendon Transfer
Lateral Closing-Wedge Calcaneal Osteotomy
Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy
Hindfoot Arthrodesis
Spine-Pelvic Obliquity and Scoliosis
Upper Extremity
Release of Elbow Flexion Contracture
Adults With Cerebral Palsy
Adult Stroke Patients
Correction of Talipes Equinovarus
Release of Internal Rotation Contracture of the Shoulder
Fractional Lengthening of Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 34. Paralytic Disorders
Poliomyelitis
Posterior Transfer of Anterior Tibial Tendon
Subtalar Arthrodesis
Subtalar Arthrodesis
Triple Arthrodesis
Correction of Cavus Deformity
Lambrinudi Arthrodesis
Anterior Transfer of Posterior Tibial Tendon
Anterior Transfer of Posterior Tibial Tendon
Split Transfer of Anterior Tibial Tendon
Peroneal Tendon Transfer
Peroneus Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus, or Flexor or Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer
Tenodesis of The Achilles Tendon
Posterior Transfer of Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis, and Posterior Tibial Tendons
Posterior Transfer of Posterior Tibial, Peroneus Longus, and Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendons
Transfer of Biceps Femoris and Semitendinosus Tendons
Osteotomy of the Tibia for Genu Recurvatum
Triple Tenodesis for Genu Recurvatum
Complete Release of Hip Flexion, Abduction, and External Rotation Contracture
Complete Release of Muscles from Iliac Wing and Transfer of Crest of Ilium
Posterior Transfer of the Iliopsoas for Paralysis of the Gluteus Medius and Maximus Muscles
Trapezius Transfer for Paralysis of Deltoid
Trapezius Transfer for Paralysis of Deltoid
Transfer of Deltoid Origin for Partial Paralysis
Transfer of Latissimus Dorsi or Teres Major or Both for Paralysis of Subscapularis or Infraspinatus
Flexorplasty
Anterior Transfer of the Triceps
Transfer of the Pectoralis Major Tendon
Transfer of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
Rerouting of Biceps Tendon for Supination Deformities of Forearm
Myelomeningocele
V-O Procedure
Anterolateral Release
Transfer of the Anterior Tibial Tendon to the Calcaneus
Screw Epiphysiodesis
Supramalleolar Varus Derotation Osteotomy
Radical Flexor Release
Anterior Hip Release
Fascial Release
Adductor Release
Transfer of Adductors, External Oblique, and Tensor Fasciae Latae
Proximal Femoral Resection and Interposition Arthroplasty
Pelvic Osteotomy
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Correction of Knee Flexion Contracture with Circular-Frame External Fixation
Correction of Knee Flexion Contracture with Anterior Stapling
Reorientational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy for Hip Contractures in Arthrogryposis
Posterior Elbow Capsulotomy with Triceps Lengthening for Elbow Extension Contracture
Posterior Release of Elbow Extension Contracture and Triceps Tendon Transfer
Dorsal Closing Wedge Osteotomy of the Wrist
Brachial Plexus Palsy
Anterior Shoulder Release
Rotational Osteotomy of the Humerus
Derotational Osteotomy with Plate and Screw Fixation
Glenoid Anteversion Osteotomy and Tendon Transfer
Release of the Internal Rotation Contracture and Transfer of the Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major
Arthroscopic Release and Transfer of the Latissimus Dorsi
References
Supplemental References
Chapter 35. Neuromuscular Disorders
Treatment Considerations
Differentiation of Muscle Disease From Nerve Disease
Open Muscle Biopsy
Percutaneous Muscle Biopsy
Muscular Dystrophy
Percutaneous Release of hip Flexion and Abduction Contractures and Achilles Tendon Contracture
Transfer of the Posterior Tibial Tendon to the Dorsum of the Foot
Transfer of the Posterior Tibial Tendon to the Dorsum of the Base of the Second Metatarsal
Scapulothoracic Fusion
Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies
Plantar Fasciotomy, Osteotomies, and Arthrodesis for Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Radical Plantar-Medial Release and Dorsal Closing Wedge Osteotomy
Transfer of the Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon for Claw toe Deformity
Transfer of the Extensor Tendons to the Middle Cuneiform
Stepwise Joint-Sparing Foot Osteotomies
References
Supplemental References
Part XI. Fractures and Dislocations in Children
Chapter 36. Fractures and Dislocations in Children
General Principles
Growth Plate Injuries
Open Fractures
Birth Fractures
Nonaccidental Trauma
Clavicle
Sternoclavicular Fractures and Dislocations
Lateral (Distal) Clavicular Fractures
Acromioclavicular Dislocations
Shoulder Dislocations
Proximal Humeral Fractures
Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning (or Screw Fixation) of Proximal Humerus
Closed Reduction and Intramedullary Nailing of Proximal Humerus
Humeral Shaft Fractures
Closed/Open Reduction and Intramedullary Nailing of Humeral Shaft
Supracondylar Humeral Fractures
Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning of Supracondylar Fractures (Two Lateral Pins)
Anterior Approach
Lateral Closing Wedge Osteotomy for Cubitus Varus
Lateral Condylar Fractures
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Lateral Condylar Fracture
Osteotomy for Established Cubitus Valgus Secondary to Nonunion or Growth Arrest
Medial Condylar Fractures
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Medial Condylar Fracture
Medial Epicondylar Fractures
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Displaced or Entrapped Medial Epicondyle
Distal Humeral Fractures
Capitellar Fractures
Olecranon Fractures
Radial Head and Neck Fractures
Closed and Open Reduction of Radial Neck Fractures
Percutaneous Reduction and Pinning
Closed Intramedullary Nailing
Coronoid Fractures
Elbow Dislocations
Radial Head Dislocations (Monteggia Fracture-Dislocations)
Overcorrection Osteotomy and Ligamentous Repair or Reconstruction
Galeazzi Fractures
Nursemaid’s Elbow
Forearm Fractures
Intramedullary Forearm Nailing
Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning of Fractures of the Distal Radius
Wrist Dislocations
Scaphoid and Carpal Fractures
Metacarpal Fractures
Phalangeal Fractures
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Physeal Fractures of Phalanges and Metacarpals
Pediatric Spine Fractures and Dislocations
Pelvic Fractures
Hip Fractures
Closed Reduction and Internal Fixation
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Valgus Subtrochanteric Osteotomy for Acquired Coxa Vara or Nonunion
Modified Pauwels Intertrochanteric Osteotomy for Acquired Coxa Vara or Nonunion
Traumatic Hip Dislocations
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Determining The Entry Point for Cannulated Screw Fixation of a Slipped Epiphysis
Determining the Entry Point for Cannulated Screw Fixation of a Slipped Epiphysis
Positional Reduction and Fixation for Scfe
Subcapital Realignment of the Epiphysis (Modified Dunn) for Scfe
Compensatory Basilar Osteotomy of the Femoral Neck
Extracapsular Base-Of-Neck Osteotomy
Intertrochanteric Osteotomy (Imhäuser)
Femoral Fractures
Spica Cast Application
Flexible Intramedullary Nail Fixation
Closed or Open Reduction
Knee Fractures and Dislocations
Reconstruction of the Patellofemoral and Patellotibial Ligaments With a Semitendinosus Tendon Graft
3-in-1 Procedure for Recurrent Dislocation of the Patella: Lateral Release, Vastus Medialis Obliquus Muscle Advancement, and Transfer of the Medial Third of the Patellar Tendon to the Medial Collateral Ligament
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Sleeve Fracture
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Tibial Eminence Fracture
Arthroscopic Reduction of Tibial Eminence Fracture and Internal Fixation With Bioabsorbable Nails
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Tibial and Fibular Fractures
Open Reduction and Removal of Interposed Tissue
Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Fracture
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Foot Fractures
Excision of Osteochondral Fragment of the Talus
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Cuboid Compression (Nutcracker) Fracture
References
Supplemental References

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