Chance, Calculation and Life 1st edition by Thierry Gaudin, Marie-Christine Maurel, Jean Charles Pomerol 1119823957 9781119823957

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ISBN-10 :  1119823957 

ISBN-13 : 9781119823957

Author : Thierry Gaudin, Marie-Christine Maurel, Jean-Charles Pomerol 

Chance, Calculation and Life brings together 16 original papers from the colloquium of the same name, organized by the International Cultural Center of Cerisy in 2019. From mathematics to the humanities and biology, there are many concepts and questions related to chance. What are the different types of chance? Does chance correspond to a lack of knowledge about the causes of events, or is there a truly intrinsic and irreducible chance? Does chance preside over our decisions? Does it govern evolution? Is it at the origin of life? What part do chance and necessity play in biology? This book answers these fundamental questions by bringing together the clear and richly documented contributions of mathematicians, physicists, biologists and philosophers who make this book an incomparable tool for work and reflection.

Chance, Calculation and Life 1st Table of contents:

PART 1: Randomness in all of its Aspects
1 Classical, Quantum and Biological Randomness as Relative Unpredictability
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Randomness in classical dynamics
1.3. Quantum randomness
1.4. Randomness in biology
1.5. Random sequences: a theory invariant approach
1.6. Classical and quantum randomness revisited
1.7. Conclusion and opening: toward a proper biological randomness
1.8. Acknowledgments
1.9. References
2: In The Name of Chance
2.1. The birth of probabilities and games of chance
2.2. A very brief history of probabilities
2.3. Chance? What chance?
2.4. Prospective possibility
2.5. Appendix: Congruent generators, can prospective chance be periodic?
2.6. References
3 Chance in a Few Languages
3.1. Classical Sanskrit
3.2. Persian and Arabic
3.3. Ancient Greek
3.4. Russian
3.5. Latin
3.6. French
3.7. English
3.8. Dice, chance and the symbolic world
3.9. References
4 The Collective Determinism of Quantum Randomness
4.1. True or false chance
4.2. Chance sneaks into uncertainty
4.3. The world of the infinitely small
4.4. A more figurative example
4.5. Einstein’s act of resistance
4.6. Schrödinger’s cat to neutrino oscillations
4.7. Chance versus the anthropic principle
4.8. And luck in life?
4.9. Chance and freedom
5 Wave-Particle Chaos to the Stability of Living
5.1. Introduction
5.2. The chaos of the wave-particle
5.3. The stability of living things
5.4. Conclusion
5.5. Acknowledgments
5.6. References
6 Chance in Cosmology: Random and Turbulent Creation of Multiple Cosmos
6.1. Is quantum cosmology oxymoronic?
6.2. Between two realities – at the entrance and exit – is virtuality
6.3. Who will sing the metamorphoses of this high vacuum?
6.4. Loop lament
6.5. The quantum vacuum exists, Casimir has met it
6.6. The generosity of the quantum vacuum
6.7. Landscapes
6.8. The good works of Inflation
6.9. Sub species aeternitatis
6.10. The smiling vacuum
7 The Chance in Decision: When Neurons Flip a Coin
7.1. A very subjective utility
7.2. A minimum rationality
7.3. There is noise in the choices
7.4. On the volatility of parameters
7.5. When the brain wears rose-tinted glasses
7.6. The neurons that take a vote
7.7. The will to move an index finger
7.8. Free will in debate
7.9. The virtue of chance
7.10. References
8 To Have a Sense of Life: A Poetic Reconnaissance
8.1. References
9 Divine Chance
9.1. Thinking by chance
9.2. Chance, need: why choose?
9.3. When chance is not chance
9.4. When chance comes from elsewhere
10 Chance and the Creative Process
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Chance
10.3. Creation
10.4. Chance in the artistic creative process
10.5. An art of the present moment
10.6. Conclusion
10.7. References
PART 2: Randomness, Biology and Evolution
11 Epigenetics, DNA and Chromatin Dynamics: Where is the Chance and Where is the Necessity?
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Random combinations
11.3. Random alterations
11.4. Beyond the gene
11.5. Epigenetic variation
11.6. Concluding remarks
11.7. Acknowledgments
11.8. References
12 When Acquired Characteristics Become Heritable: The Lesson of Genomes
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Horizontal genetic exchange in prokaryotes
12.3. Two specificities of eukaryotes theoretically oppose horizontal gene transfer
12.4. Criteria for genomic analysis
12.5. Abundance of horizontal transfers in unicellular eukaryotes
12.6. Remarkable horizontal genetic transfers in pluricellular eukaryotes
12.7. Main mechanisms of horizontal genetic transfers
12.8. Introgressions and limits to the concept of species
12.9. Conclusion
12.10. References
13 The Evolutionary Trajectories of Organisms are Not Stochastic
13.1. Evolution and stochasticity: a few metaphors
13.2. The Gouldian metaphor of the “replay” of evolution
13.3. The replay of evolution: what happened
13.4. Evolutionary replay experiments
13.5. Phylogenies versus experiments
13.6. Stochasticity, evolution and extinction
13.7. Conclusion
13.8. References
14 Evolution in the Face of Chance
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Waddington and the concept of canalization
14.3. A stochastic model of Darwinian evolution
14.4. Numerical results
14.5. Discussion
14.6. Acknowledgments
15 Chance, Contingency and the Origins of Life: Some Historical Issues
15.1. Acknowledgments
15.2. References
16 Chance, Complexity and the Idea of a Universal Ethics
16.1. Cosmic evolution and advances in computation
16.2. Two notions of complexity
16.3. Biological computations
16.4. Energy and emergy
16.5. What we hold onto
16.6. Noah knew this already!
16.7. Create, protect and collect
16.8. An ethics of organized complexity
16.9. Not so easy
16.10. References

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