(EBOOK PDF)Data Structures and Applications A Simple and Systematic Approach 1st edition by CENGAGE INDIA 9789386668448 9386668440 full chapters

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• ISBN 10:9386668440 

• ISBN 13:9789386668448

• Author:CENGAGE INDIA 

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Data Structures and Applications A Simple and Systematic Approach 1st Table of contents:

 

Chapter 1: Introduction to Data Structures What are we studying in this chapter?  Introduction to data structures Classification of data structures: Primitive and non-primitive data structures Data structure operations  Inserting, deleting  Traversing, searching, sorting and merging

1.1 Introduction In this chapter, let us discuss about the definition of data structures and see how the data structures are classified. Basic terminology and concepts are defined along with examples.

The way the data is represented, organized, managed and structured is crucial part of the data structures. The data to be manipulated can be used individually or in a group under one common name and data can be of different types.

1.2 Basic terminology First, let us see “What is data? What is information?”

Definition: The word data is the plural of datum. Data is a representation of facts or concepts in an organized manner. The data may be stored, communicated, interpreted, or processed. In short, we can say that data is a piece of information or simply set of values and data as such may not convey any meaning. For example, numbers, names, marks etc are the data. Consider the two data items “Rama” and 10. The data “Rama” and 10 does not convey any meaning to the reader. Definition: Information is defined as a collection of data from which conclusions may be drawn. So, information is subset of data which when interpreted conveys meaning so that the people can understand. Hence, Information can be considered as a message that is received and understood. Ex 1: The output of the computer may be “Rama scored 10 marks”. This sentence is an information. Because, it conveys meaning to the reader. Ex 2: The instructions given to a person or commands issued to the computer are considered as information.

1.2  Introduction to data structures and arrays

Now, let us see “What are the differences between data and information?” Data Information

1. Data is collection of facts and figures

1. Information is the result of (may be numbers). Facts are the processing the data.

So, information things done or things existing. is collection of data from which we can draw conclusions. 

2. Data do not convey any meaning

3. Computers work with data

4. Data is unstructured, lacks context and may not be relevant to the recipient.

5. Data is the representation of information. So, data representation may change

2. Information conveys meaning

3. Computers do not work with information

4. When data is correctly organized, processed, filtered and presented with context, it can become information because it then has meaning to the recipient

5. Information is the things that we know. So, even though data representation changes, information do not change

Note: Let us take an example relating to the last difference. Consider the statement “My daughter is seven years old”. I can represent may daughter’s age as “seven in words” or “7 in figures” or “VII in roman” or “111 in binary” or “1111111 in unary” and so on. All these representations we call as data. Even though representation changes, my daughter’s age has not changed. So, we say that information does not change and data representation may change. Note: Even though normally we use data and information interchangeably, they are totally different and they are not synonyms. Now, let us see “How computers represent data?” The data are represented by the state of electronic switches. A switch with ON state represents 1 and a switch with OFF state represents 0 (zero). Thus, all digital computers use binary number system to represent the data. So, the data that we input to the computer is converted into 0’s and 1’s. The letters, digits, punctuation marks, sound and even pictures are represented using 1’s and 0’s. Thus, computers represent data using binary digits 0 and 1 i.e., in binary number system.

 Systematic Approach to Data Structures using C

 – 1.3 For example, consider the string “ABC01” that we type from the keyboard. This data can be represented in the computer as shown below. Characters typed:

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