(EBOOK PDF)Geography For Dummies 2nd Edition by Jerry Mitchell 1119867126 9781119867128 full chapters

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• ISBN 10:1119867126 

• ISBN 13:9781119867128

• Author:Jerry Mitchell 

The whole world in the palm of your hand

Ever wonder how you can have a rainforest on one side of a mountain and a desert on the other? Or zoom around the globe with Google Maps and wonder how everything got to where it is now? The answer is…geography.

In Geography For Dummies, you’ll discover that geography is more than just cool trivia―it explains tons about the world around us. From understanding the basics―like how to read maps and geographic coordinates―to learning about how the continents got to their current positions, you’ll learn fascinating things about the planet’s people, cities, resources, and more.

In this book, you’ll discover:

How geographers make and use maps to understand and tell useful stories about the earth
How weather and climate shape the planet, impact the water supply, and change landscapes
How humans use (and overuse) the planet we live on to our advantage
Geography For Dummies is an incredible exploration of our planet and the people who live on it. This book takes a huge subject and makes it accessible for the rest of us!

Geography For Dummies 2nd Table of contents:

 

About This Book 2

Foolish Assumptions 2

Icons Used in This Book 3

Beyond the Book 4

Where to Go from Here 4

Part 1: Getting Grounded: The Geographic Basics 5

Chapter 1: Geography: The Why of Where and Why You Should Care 7

Geography: Making Sense of it All 8

From ancient roots 8

 To modern discipline 9

Exposing Misconceptions: More Than Maps and Trivia 11

The Geographic Advantage 11

What is the capital city of Indonesia? 12

Why is Jakarta the capital of Indonesia? 12

Getting to the Essentials 13

Where things are in the world: The world in spatial terms 14

What locations are like: Places and regions 15

Why things are the way they are: Physical systems 16

Giving that human touch: Human systems 16

Interacting with the world around us: Environment and society 17

Putting geography to use: Uses of geography 18

Chapter 2: Thinking Like a Geographer 19

Changing the Way You Think — Geographically 20

Case Study #1: Where Something is Located 21

A fraction of its former self 22

Where lions hang out 23

What gives with grasslands? 23

Extinction made easy 24

Fewer lions? So what? 25

Summing up 26

Case Study #2: Where Something Should be Located 26

Summing up 27

Looking ahead 28

Chapter 3: Lining Up Locations 29

Welcome to Gridville 29

Feeling Kind of Square 30

Telling Someone Where to Go 31

Relative location 31

Absolute location 32

The best location to use 32

The Global Grid: Hip, Hip, Hipparchus! 32

Avoiding gridlock 33

The naming game 34

Getting Lined Up 36

Latitude 36

Longitude 38

Graticule 39

Minutes and seconds that don’t tick away 40

Chapter 4: Truthiness in Mapping 41

Seeing the Light: Map Projections 42

Realizing Exactly How Flat Maps Lie 44

Singapore, please And step on it! 45

Wading through lies in search of the truth 47

Isn’t there a truthful map anywhere? 48

The one and only honest map: The globe! 49

Honesty is the best policy, except 49

Telling the truth, but telling it skewed 50

Different Strokes for Different Folks: A World of Projections 51

All in the (map) family 52

Five noteworthy liars 53

Mapping a Cartographic Controversy! 57

Chapter 5: Telling a Spatial Story 59

Why We Need Tal(l) Dogs 60

Taking It to Scale 61

Going the distance 61

Comparing Earth at different scales 62

Showing the Ups and Downs: Topography 65

Spot heights 65

Contour lines 66

Shading or Color 66

Using Symbols to Tell the Story 67

Point symbols 68

Line symbols 68

Area symbols 70

New Ways of Seeing: How Technology has Changed How we Make and Use Maps 72

Geographic Information Systems 72

Global Positioning Systems 74

Remote sensing 75

Making Maps Yourself! 77

Part 2: Let’s Get Physical: Land, Water, and Air 79

Chapter 6: Shape-shifting Earth 81

Starting at the Bottom: Inside Earth 82

Moving Continents: Big Pieces of a Big Puzzle 84

Where have you gone, Gondwanaland? 85

Alfred Wegener, mover and shaker 85

Puzzle solved! 86

Getting Down to Theory 86

Making Mountains Out of Molehills 88

Folding the crust 88

Whose “fault” is it? 90

Plate tectonics: A four-letter word! 91

Experiencing Earthquakes: Shake, Rattle and Roll! 92

Splitsville in California 92

People at risk 93

How earthquakes kill and maim 94

A matter of magnitude 96

Subducting Plates: Volcano Makers 98

“The Ring of Fire” 98

Subduction: Another four-letter word? 99

Categorizing Tectonic Processes 102

Chapter 7: A Nip and a Tuck: Giving Earth a Facelift 103

Getting Carried Away 104

Weathering Earth 105

Wasting away 108

Changing the Landscape 109

Staying grounded: Gravity transfer 109

Going with the flow: Water 110

The chill factor: Glaciers 115

Making a deposit: Wind 117

Chapter 8: Making a Splash on Earth 119

Taking the Plunge: Global Water Supply 120

Those ice caps are really cool! 121

Getting out: Oceans, seas, gulfs, and bays 122

Coming inland: Lakes 123

Shaping Our World: Oceans 124

Going where the action is: The continental shelves 124

Claiming ocean ownership 126

Getting a rise out of oceans 128

Getting Fresh with Water 129

The stages of the water cycle 131

Run-off: Going with the flow 132

Infiltration: Out of sight, not out of mind 132

Good to the very last drop 134

Chapter 9: Warming Up and Chilling Out: Why Climates Happen

Getting a Grip on Climate

Playing the Angles

Making hot and cold

Making rain and snow 

Tilt-a-World: The Reasons for the Seasons 

Special lines of latitude 

Defining the seasons 

Special lines of latitude revisited

Hot or Cold? Adjust Your Altitude

Warming the atmosphere

Weighty matter

Seeing (and feeling) is believing

The lapse rate

Windward slope, leeward slope

Gaining Heat, Losing Heat

Afternoon versus evening

Summer versus winter

Oh, How the Wind Blows 

Going with the Flow: Ocean Currents 

Warm currents, cold currents

Going against the norm: El Niño and La Niña 

Living Under Pressure 

Pressure belts 

Monsoons 

Chapter 10: Connecting Climates and Vegetation

Giving Class to Climates

Mixing Sun and Rain: Humid Tropical Climates

Tropical rainforest

Tropical monsoon

Savanna (tropical wet and dry)

Going to Extremes: Dry Climates 

Desert 168

Semi-desert (steppe) 169

Enjoying the In-between: Humid Mesothermal Climates 

Humid subtropical 

Mediterranean 

Marine west coast 

Cooling Off: Humid Microthermal Climates 

Humid continental 

Subarctic

Dropping Below Freezing: Polar Climates 

Tundra

Ice cap

Part 3: Peopling the Planet

Chapter 11: Nobody Here But A Few Billion Friends

Going by the Numbers 

Opportunity for livelihood

Urban growth

Going Ballistic: Population Growth

Checking Behind the Curve: Population Change

Dealing with births and deaths: Natural increase

Increasing for a reason: The demographic transition model

Making connections

Considering “Overpopulation”

Neo-Malthusians

Cornucopians

Chapter 12: Shift Happens: Migration

Populating the Planet

Bridging the oceans

Voyaging afar

Making colonial connections

Forcing involuntary migration

Choosing to Migrate 

Coming to America 

Migrating at home 

Relocating within America

Giving a Good Impression 

Playing the mental game 

Getting an image adjustment 

Putting your best image forward 

Chapter 13: Culture: The Way We Live 

Being Different Thousands of Times Over 

Counting cultural diversity 

Isolating people 

Adapting to new surroundings 

Spreading the Word on Culture 

Relocating one’s culture 

Coming down with culture 

Doing what the big boys do 

Calling a Halt: Barrier Effects 

Getting physical 

Socializing effects 

Getting Religion: How It Moves and Grows 

Putting diffusion to work 

Getting effects into action 

Creating local character 

Getting in a Word about Language 

Diffusing languages 

Checking the physical effects 

Playing the landscape naming game 

Creating a Single Global Culture 

Promoting cultural divergence 

Promoting cultural convergence 

Chapter 14: Good Fences Make Good Neighbors 

Drawing and Re-Drawing the Boundaries of the World 

Typecasting Boundary Lines 

Ethnic boundaries 

Natural (physical) boundaries 

Geometric boundaries 

Living with the Consequences 

Ethnic intrigues 

Positional disputes 

Functional disputes 

Resource disputes 

Land-locked states 

Questions of size and shape 

Drawing Electoral District Boundaries 

Gerrymandering: Rigging the outcome 

Meeting the letter and spirit of the law 

Part 4: Putting the Planet to Use 

Chapter 15: Takin’ Care of Business 

Categorizing Economic Activity 

Primary activities 

Secondary activities 

Tertiary activities 

Quaternary activities 

Activity distribution around the world 

Putting Economic Systems into Place 

Subsistence economies 

Commercial economies 

Understanding Location Factors 

Proximity to raw material(s) 

Proximity to market(s) 

Cost of labor 

Accessibility 

Cost of land/rent 

Taxes 

Climate 

Chapter 16: Earth’s Resources: Always Hungry for More 

Defining Resources and Assessing Their Importance 

The central role of culture 

Culture change, resource change 

Resources and power 

Resources and wealth 

Differing Life Spans: Which Resources Are Here Today or Gone Tomorrow 

Non-renewable resources

Renewable resources 

Perennial resources 

Trading-off Resources: The Consequences of Resource Use 

Chapter 17: Downtown to the ‘Burbs: Urban Geography 

Studying the Urban Scene 

Getting a Global Perspective 

Getting Started: Urban Hearths 

Finding Sites for Cities 

Confluence 

Protected harbor 

Head of navigation 

Defensive sites 

Getting Big: Urban Growth 

Rural-to-urban migration 

Changing means of transportation 

Automobile ownership 

Low-cost fuel 

Home mortgage deductibility

Looking Inside the City 

The central business district (CBD) 

Residential areas 

Leaving Downtown, Living Downtown 

Moving out of downtown 

Moving back downtown 

Facing up to Environmental Issues 

Chapter 18: Only One Home: Impacts on the Environment 

Grasping the Basics — Environmentally Speaking 

Contributing Factors: Pollution on the Move 

Making an impact 

Spreading the mess 

Focusing on food chains 

Going Global: Environmental Issues Affecting Us All 

Deforestation 

Biodiversity loss 

Soil degradation 

Ocean acidification 

Overfishing 

Acid precipitation 

Climate change 

Taking on the Challenges of Tomorrow 

Part 5: The Part of Tens 

Chapter 19: Ten Organizations for Geography in Action 

American Association of Geographers (AAG) 

American Geographical Society (AGS) 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 

National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE) 

National Geographic Society (NGS) 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 

Population Reference Bureau (PRB) 

Royal Geographical Society (RGS) 

United States Census Bureau 

United States Geological Survey (USGS) 

Chapter 20: Ten Interesting Career Paths for Geographers 

Area Specialist 

Educator 

Environmental Manager 

GIS Technician 

Health Services Planner 

Location Analyst 

Market Analyst 

Remote Sensing Analyst 

Transportation Planner 

Urban Planner 

Chapter 21: Ten Things You Can Forget 

The Bermuda Triangle 

Cold Canadian Air 

“Coming Out of Nowhere” 

“The Continent” 

The Democratic Republic of 

The Flat Earth Society 

Land of the Midnight Sun 

“The Rain in Spain Stays Mainly on the Plain” 

The Seven Seas 

Tropical Paradise 

Chapter 22: Ten Great Places for Online Geography 

Any County/Local GIS Department 

Geocaching 

Geoguessr 

Geoinquiries 

Google Earth 

Google Lit Trips 

Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection 

World Bank Open Data 

World Factbook 

Your State’s Geographic Alliance 

Index 

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