Ideas for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind 1st Edition

Ideas for the Philosophy of the History of Mankind 1st Edition – Ebook Instant Download/Delivery ISBN(s): 9780691147185,0691147183,9780691255705, 0691255709

Product details:

• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0691255709
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 9780691255705
• Author: Johann Gottfried Herder

Table contents:

Book 1

I. Our Earth Is a Star among Other Stars

II. Our Earth Is One of the Middle Planets

III. Our Earth Underwent Many Revolutions before It Became What It Is Now

IV. Our Earth Is a Sphere That Rotates on Its Axis and Moves around the Sun in an Oblique Direction

V. Our Earth Is Enveloped in an Atmosphere and in Contention with Several Celestial Bodies

VI. The Planet That We Inhabit Is a Mountain of Rock That Rises Up over the Surface of the Waters

VII. The Mountain Chains Made Our Two Hemispheres the Scene of the Most Remarkable Variety and Change

Book 2

I. Our Terrestrial Globe Is an Immense Workshop for the Organization of Exceedingly Diverse Beings

II. The Vegetable Kingdom of Our Earth in Relation to Human History

III. The Animal Kingdom in Relation to Human History

IV. Man Is an Intermediate Creature among the Animals of the Earth

Book 3

I. Comparison of the Structure of Plants and Animals in Relation to the Organization of Man

II. Comparison of the Several Organic Forces Operative in the Animal

III. Examples of the Physiological Structure of Several Animals

IV. On the Instincts of Animals

V. The Advancement of Creatures to the Association of Several Ideas and to a Peculiar and Freer Employment of Their Senses and Limbs

VI. Organic Difference between Human Beings and Animals

Book 4

I. Man Is Organized for the Faculty of Reason

II. Retrospect from the Organization of the Human Head to the Inferior Creatures Approximating Its Form

III. Man Is Organized for Finer Senses, for Art, and for Language

IV. Man Is Organized for Finer Instincts and Hence for Freedom

V. Man Is Organized for the Most Delicate Health, yet at the Same Time for the Greatest Durability, and Consequently for His Dispersal across the Earth

VI. Man Is Formed for Humanity and Religion

VII. Man Is Formed for the Hope of Immortality

Book 5

I. A Series of Ascending Forms and Forces Prevails in Our Earthly Creation

II. No Force of Nature Is without an Organ; the Organ, However, Is Never the Force Itself, Which Operates by Means Thereof

III. The Nexus of Forces and Forms Is neither Retrograde nor Stationary, but Progressive

IV. The Realm of Human Organization Is a System of Spiritual Forces

V. Our Humanity Is Only Preparatory, the Bud of a Future Flower

VI. The Present State of Man Is Probably the Connecting Link between Two Worlds

Part Two

Book 6

I. Organization of the Peoples Living Near the North Pole

II. Organization of the Peoples on the Asiatic Ridge of the Earth

III. Organization of the Finely Formed Peoples of This Region

IV. Organization of the African Peoples

V. Organization of Mankind in the Islands of the Tropics

VI. Organization of the Americans

VII. Conclusion

Book 7

I. Though Mankind May Appear in Such Various Forms throughout the World, They Belong to One and the Same Species

II. The One Species of Man Has Acclimatized Itself Everywhere on Earth

III. What Is Climate, and How Does It Affect the Formation of Man’s Body and Soul?

IV. The Genetic Force Is the Parent of All Forms on Earth, Which the Climate Affects Either Adversely or Beneficially

V. Concluding Remarks on the Conflict between Genesis and Climate

Book 8

I. The Sensibility of Our Species Varies with Its Forms and Climate; But It Is a Human Employment of the Senses That Everywhere Leads to Humanity

II. The Imagination of Men Is Everywhere Organic and Climatic, but Everywhere Guided by Tradition

III. The Practical Understanding of Mankind Has Everywhere Developed in Response to the Demands of a Particular Mode of Life; but Everywhere It Is the Flower of National Genius, the Offspring of Habit and Tradition

IV. The Sensations and Instincts of Men Are Everywhere Adapted to the Conditions in Which They Live and to Their Organization; But Everywhere They Are Governed by Opinions and Habit

V. The Happiness of Man Is Everywhere an Individual Good; Consequently It Is Everywhere Climatic and Organic, the Offspring of Practice, Tradition, and Habit

Book 9

I. For All That Man Fondly Imagines That He Produces Everything from Himself, yet He Depends on Others for the Development of His Faculties

II. The Particular Means of Forming Man Is Language

III. All the Arts and Sciences of the Human Species Have Been Invented by Means of Imitation, Reason, and Language

IV. Governments Are Orders of Men, for the Most Part Established on the Basis of Inherited Tradition

V. Religion Is the Oldest and Most Sacred Tradition in the World

Book 10

I. Our Earth Is Specially Formed for Its Living Creation

II. Where Was Man Formed and Where His Most Ancient Abode?

III. The Course of Culture and of History Furnishes Proof That the Origin of the Human Species Was in Asia

IV. Asiatic Traditions on the Creation of the Earth and Origin of Mankind

V. The Oldest Written Tradition on the Beginnings of Human History

VI. Continuation of the Oldest Written Tradition on the Beginnings of Human History

VII. Conclusion of the Oldest Written Tradition on the Origin of Human History

Part Three

Book 11

I. China

II. Cochin-China, Tonkin, Laos, Korea, Eastern Tartary, Japan

III. Tibet

IV. Hindustan

V. General Reflections on the History of These States

Book 12

I. Babylon, Assyria, Chaldea

II. Medes and Persians

III. Hebrews

IV. Phoenicia and Carthage

V. Egyptians

VI. Further Ideas on the Philosophy of Human History

Book 13

I. The Situation and Population of Greece

II. The Language, Mythology, and Poetry of Greece

III. The Arts of the Greeks

IV. The Moral and Political Philosophy of the Greeks

V. Scientific Endeavors of the Greeks

VI. History of the Revolutions in Greece

VII. General Observations on the History of Greece

Book 14

I. Etruscans and Latins

II. The Establishments by Which Rome Arrived at Political and Military Ascendancy

III. Conquests of the Romans

IV. The Decline of Rome

V. Character, Sciences, and Arts of the Romans

VI. General Observations on the Fate and History of Rome

Book 15

I. Humanity Is the End of Human Nature, and with This End God Put the Fate of Mankind in Their Own Hands

II. All Destructive Forces in Nature Must Not Only Yield, in the Course of Time, to the Preservative Forces, but Must Themselves Ultimately Promote the Consummation of the Whole

III. Mankind Is Destined to Pass through Various Degrees of Culture; but Their Enduring Welfare Is Founded Solely and Essentially on Reason and Equity

IV. By the Laws of Their Inner Nature, Reason and Equity Must, in the Course of Time, Gain a Greater Foothold among Mankind and Promote a More Enduring Humanity

V. A Wise Goodness Presides over the Fate of Mankind; Hence There Is No Nobler Dignity, No Purer or More Lasting Happiness Than to Work in Concert with It

Part Four

Book 16

I. Basques, Gaels, Cymry

II. Finns, Latvians, and Prussians

III. The German Peoples

IV. Slav Peoples

V. Foreign Peoples in Europe

VI. General Remarks and Conclusions

Book 17

I. The Origin of Christianity, together with Its Fundamental Principles

II. Propagation of Christianity in the East

III. Progress of Christianity in the Greek Lands

IV. Progress of Christianity in the Latin Provinces

Book 18

I. The Kingdoms of the Visigoths, Suebi, Alans, and Vandals

II. Kingdoms of the Ostrogoths and Lombards

III. Kingdoms of the Alemanni, Burgundians, and Franks

IV. Kingdoms of the Saxons, Northmen, and Danes

V. The Northern Kingdoms and Germany

VI. General Remarks on the Establishment of the German Kingdoms in Europe

Book 19

I. Roman Hierarchy

II. Effect of the Hierarchy on Europe

III. Secular Protectors of the Church

IV. Kingdoms of the Arabs

V. Effects of the Arab Kingdoms

VI. General Reflections

Book 20

I. The Commercial Spirit in Europe

II. The Spirit of Chivalry in Europe

III. The Crusades and Their Consequences

IV. The Culture of Reason in Europe

V. Institutions and Discoveries in Europe

VI. Concluding Remarks

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