PSYCH 6 Introductory Psychology 6th Edition by Spencer Rathus 8214351421 9798214351421

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ISBN-10 :  8214351421 

ISBN-13 : 9798214351421

Author:  Spencer A. Rathus 

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PSYCH 6: Introductory Psychology 6th Table of contents:

1. What Is Psychology?
1-1. Psychology as a Science
1-1a. What Psychologists Do
1-1b. Fields of Psychology
1-2. Historical Foundations of Psychology
1-2a. Structuralism
1-2b. Functionalism
1-2c. Behaviorism
1-2d. Gestalt Psychology
1-2e. Psychoanalysis
1-3. Contemporary Perspectives in Psychology
1-3a. The Biological Perspective
1-3b. The Cognitive Perspective
1-3c. The Humanistic–Existential Perspective
1-3d. The Psychodynamic Perspective
1-3e. Perspectives on Learning
1-3f. The Sociocultural Perspective
1-4. How Psychologists Study Behavior and Mental Processes
1-4a. The Scientific Method
1-4b. Samples and Populations
1-4c. Problems in Generalizing from Psychological Research
1-5. Methods of Research
1-5a. Methods of Observation
1-5b. Correlation
1-5c. The Experimental Method
1-6. Ethics in Psychological Research
1-6a. Ethics of Research with Humans
1-6b. Ethics of Research with Animals
1-7. Critical Thinking
1-7a. Principles of Critical Thinking
Self-Assessment
Self-Assessment
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
2. Biology and Psychology
2-1. The Nervous System: On Being Wired
2-1a. Neurons: Into the Fabulous Forest
2-1b. The Neural Impulse: “The Body Electric”
2-1c. Neurotransmitters: The Chemical Keys to Communication
2-2. The Divisions of the Nervous System
2-2a. The Peripheral Nervous System: The Body’s Peripheral Devices
2-2b. The Central Nervous System: The Body’s Central Processing Unit
2-3. The Brain: Wider Than the Sky
2-3a. Understanding the Brain
2-3b. Experimenting with the Brain
2-4. A Voyage through the Brain
2-5. The Cerebral Cortex
2-5a. The Structure of the Cerebral Cortex
2-5b. Thinking, Language, and the Cerebral Cortex
2-5c. Left Brain, Right Brain?
2-5d. Handedness
2-5e. Split-Brain Experiments
2-6. The Endocrine System
2-6a. The Pituitary and the Hypothalamus
2-6b. The Pineal Gland
2-6c. The Thyroid Gland
2-6d. The Adrenal Glands
2-6e. The Testes and the Ovaries
2-7. Evolution and Heredity
2-7a. Evolutionary Psychology: Doing What Comes Naturally
2-7b. Heredity, Genetics, and Behavioral Genetics
2-7c. Genes and Chromosomes
2-7d. Kinship Studies
Application
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
3. Sensation and Perception
3-1. Sensation and Perception
3-1a. Absolute Threshold
3-1b. Subliminal Stimulation
3-1c. Difference Threshold
3-1d. Signal–Detection Theory
3-1e. Feature Detectors in the Brain
3-1f. Sensory Adaptation
3-2. Vision
3-2a. Light
3-2b. The Eye
3-2c. Color Vision
3-2d. Theories of Color Vision
3-2e. Color Blindness
3-3. Visual Perception
3-3a. Perceptual Organization
3-3b. Perception of Motion
3-3c. Depth Perception
3-3d. Perceptual Constancies
3-3e. Visual Illusions
3-4. Hearing
3-4a. Pitch and Loudness
3-4b. The Ear
3-4c. Locating Sounds
3-4d. Perception of Loudness and Pitch
3-4e. Deafness
3-5. The Other Senses
3-5a. The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste
3-5b. The Skin Senses
3-5c. Kinesthesis and the Vestibular Sense
3-6. ESP: Is There Perception Without Sensation?
Application
Application
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
4. Consciousness
4-1. What Is Consciousness?
4-1a. Consciousness as Awareness
4-1b. Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious, and Nonconscious
4-1c. Consciousness as Personal Unity
4-1d. Consciousness as the Waking State
4-2. Sleep and Dreams
4-2a. Biological and Circadian Rhythms
4-2b. The Stages of Sleep
4-2c. The Functions of Sleep
4-2d. Dreams
4-2e. Sleep Disorders
4-3. Altering Consciousness: Hypnosis, Meditation, and Biofeedback
4-3a. Hypnosis
4-3b. Meditation
4-3c. Biofeedback
4-4. Altering Consciousness through Drugs
4-4a. Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders
4-4b. Causal Factors in Substance Use Disorders
4-5. Depressants
4-5a. Alcohol
4-5b. Opiates and Opioids
4-5c. Barbiturates
4-6. Stimulants
4-6a. Amphetamines and Related Stimulants
4-6b. Nicotine
4-7. Hallucinogenics
4-7a. Marijuana
4-7b. LSD and Other Hallucinogenics
Application
Self-Assessment
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
5. Learning
5-1. Learning, Experience, and Change
5-2. Classical Conditioning: Learning What Is Linked to What
5-2a. Explaining Classical Conditioning
5-2b. Stimuli and Responses in Classical Conditioning
5-2c. Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery
5-2d. Generalization and Discrimination
5-2e. Higher-Order Conditioning
5-3. Applications of Classical Conditioning
5-3a. Taste Aversion
5-3b. “Little Albert”: Classical Conditioning of Emotional Responses
5-3c. Counterconditioning
5-3d. Flooding and Systematic Desensitization
5-4. Operant Conditioning: Learning What Does What to What
5-4a. Edward L. Thorndike and the Law of Effect
5-4b. B. F. Skinner and Reinforcement
5-4c. Methods of Operant Conditioning
5-4d. Types of Reinforcers
5-4e. Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery in Operant Conditioning
5-4f. Reinforcers versus Rewards and Punishments
5-4g. Discriminative Stimuli
5-4h. Schedules of Reinforcement
5-5. Applications of Operant Conditioning
5-5a. Biofeedback Training
5-5b. Shaping
5-5c. Behavior Modification
5-5d. Programmed Learning
5-6. Cognitive Factors in Learning
5-6a. Latent Learning: Forming Cognitive Maps
5-6b. Contingency Theory
5-6c. Observational Learning
5-6d. Violence in the Media and Aggression
Application
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
6. Memory: Remembrance of Things Past—and Future
6-1. Kinds of Memory
6-1a. Explicit Memory
6-1b. Implicit Memory
6-1c. Retrospective Memory versus Prospective Memory
6-2. Processes of Memory
6-2a. Encoding
6-2b. Storage
6-2c. Retrieval
6-3. Sensory Memory
6-3a. Iconic Memory
6-3b. Iconic Memory and Saccadic Eye Movement
6-3c. Echoic Memory
6-4. Short-Term Memory
6-4a. The Serial-Position Effect
6-4b. Chunking
6-4c. Interference in Short-Term Memory
6-5. Long-Term Memory
6-5a. How Accurate Are Long-Term Memories?
6-5b. How Much Information Can Be Stored in Long-Term Memory?
6-5c. Levels of Processing Information
6-5d. Flashbulb Memories
6-5e. Organization in Long-Term Memory
6-5f. The Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon
6-5g. Context-Dependent Memory
6-6. Forgetting
6-6a. Memory Tasks Used in Measuring Forgetting
6-6b. Interference Theory
6-6c. Repression
6-6d. Infantile Amnesia
6-6e. Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia
6-7. The Biology of Memory
6-7a. Neural Activity and Memory
6-7b. Brain Structures and Memory
Application
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
7. Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
7-1. Thinking
7-1a. Concepts
7-1b. Problem Solving
7-1c. Methods of Problem Solving
7-1d. Factors That Affect Problem Solving
7-1e. Judgment and Decision Making
7-1f. Motivated Reasoning
7-2. Language
7-2a. Communication by Nonhumans
7-2b. What Is Language?
7-2c. Language and Cognition
7-2d. Language and Culture
7-3. Language Development: The Two-Year Explosion
7-3a. Prelinguistic Vocalizations
7-3b. Development of Grammar
7-3c. Nature and Nurture in Language Development
7-4. Theories of Intelligence
7-4a. Factor Theories
7-4b. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences
7-4c. The Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
7-4d. Emotional Intelligence and Social Intelligence
7-4e. Creativity and Intelligence
7-5. The Measurement of Intelligence
7-5a. The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale
7-5b. The Wechsler Scales
7-5c. Group Tests
7-5d. The Reliability and Validity of Intelligence Tests
7-5e. Differences in Intellectual Functioning
7-6. Nature and Nurture in Intelligence
7-6a. Genetic Influences on Intelligence
7-6b. Environmental Influences on Intelligence
Application
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
8. Motivation and Emotion
8-1. The Psychology of Motivation
8-2. Theories of Motivation
8-2a. The Evolutionary Perspective
8-2b. Drive-Reductionism and Homeostasis
8-2c. The Search for Stimulation
8-2d. Humanistic Theory
8-2e. Cognitive Perspectives on Motivation
8-3. Hunger
8-3a. Biological Influences on Hunger
8-3b. Psychological Influences on Hunger
8-3c. Being Overweight: A Serious and Pervasive Problem
8-3d. Eating Disorders
8-4. Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation
8-4a. Hormones and Sexual Motivation
8-4b. Sexual Response and Sexual Behavior
8-4c. Surveys of Sexual Behavior
8-4d. Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
8-5. Achievement Motivation
8-5a. Extrinsic versus Intrinsic Motives
8-6. Emotion
8-6a. The Expression of Emotions
8-6b. Positive Psychology
8-6c. The Facial-Feedback Hypothesis
8-7. Theories of Emotion
8-7a. The James–Lange Theory
8-7b. The Cannon–Bard Theory
8-7c. The Theory of Cognitive Appraisal
8-7d. Evaluation
Application
Application
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
9. The Voyage through the Life Span
9-1. Prenatal Development
9-2. Childhood: Physical Development
9-2a. Reflexes
9-2b. Motor Development
9-2c. Perceptual Development
9-3. Childhood: Cognitive Development
9-3a. Jean Piaget’s Cognitive-Development Theory
9-3b. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
9-3c. Evaluation of Piaget’s Theory
9-3d. Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
9-3e. Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
9-3f. Evaluation of Kohlberg’s Theory
9-4. Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
9-4a. Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
9-4b. Attachment
9-4c. Parenting Styles
9-5. Adolescence
9-5a. Physical Development
9-5b. Cognitive Development
9-5c. Social and Emotional Development
9-6. Emerging Adulthood
9-7. Adulthood
9-7a. Physical Development
9-7b. Cognitive Development
9-7c. Social and Emotional Development
Application
Application
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
10. Personality: Theory and Measurement
10-1. The Psychodynamic Perspective
10-1a. Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development
10-1b. Neo-Freudians
10-1c. Evaluation of the Psychodynamic Perspective
10-2. The Trait Perspective
10-2a. From Hippocrates to the Present
10-2b. Hans Eysenck’s Trait Theory
10-2c. The “Big Five”: The Five-Factor Model
10-2d. Biology and Traits
10-2e. Evaluation of the Trait Perspective
10-3. Learning-Theory Perspectives
10-3a. Behaviorism
10-3b. Social Cognitive Theory
10-3c. Evaluation of the Learning Perspective
10-4. The Humanistic–Existential Perspective
10-4a. Abraham Maslow and the Challenge of Self-Actualization
10-4b. Carl Rogers’s Self Theory
10-4c. Evaluation of the Humanistic–Existential Perspective
10-5. The Sociocultural Perspective
10-5a. Individualism versus Collectivism: Who Am I (In This Cultural Setting)?
10-5b. Acculturation, Adjustment, and Self-Esteem
10-5c. Evaluation of the Sociocultural Perspective
10-6. Measurement of Personality
10-6a. Objective Tests
10-6b. Projective Tests
Self-Assessment
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
11. Stress, Health, and Coping
11-1. Stress: What It Is, Where It Comes From
11-1a. Daily Hassles and Life Changes
11-1b. Stress in America
11-1c. Conflict
11-1d. Irrational Beliefs
11-1e. The Type A Behavior Pattern
11-2. Psychological Moderators of Stress
11-2a. Self-Efficacy Expectations: “The Little Engine That Could”
11-2b. Psychological Hardiness
11-2c. Sense of Humor
11-2d. Predictability and Control
11-2e. Emotional Support
11-3. Stress and the Body
11-3a. The General Adaptation Syndrome
11-3b. Effects of Stress on the Immune System
11-4. Psychology and Chronic Health Problems
11-4a. Coronary Heart Disease
11-4b. Cancer
Self-Assessment
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
12. Psychological Disorders
12-1. What Are Psychological Disorders?
12-1a. Perspectives on Psychological Disorders
12-1b. Classifying Psychological Disorders
12-1c. Prevalence of Psychological Disorders
12-2. Anxiety Disorders
12-2a. Specific Phobic Disorders
12-2b. Social Anxiety Disorder
12-2c. Panic Disorder
12-2d. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
12-2e. Origins of Anxiety Disorders
12-3. Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders
12-3a. Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder
12-3b. Hoarding Disorder
12-4. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
12-4a. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
12-4b. Acute Stress Disorder
12-5. Dissociative Disorders
12-5a. Dissociative Identity Disorder
12-5b. Dissociative Amnesia
12-5c. Depersonalization–Derealization Disorder
12-5d. Origins of Dissociative Disorders
12-6. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
12-6a. Illness Anxiety Disorder
12-6b. Conversion Disorder
12-6c. Origins of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
12-7. Mood Disorders
12-7a. Bipolar Disorder
12-7b. Depressive Disorders
12-7c. Suicide
12-8. Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
12-8a. Schizophrenia
12-8b. Delusional Disorder
12-8c. Explaining Schizophrenia
12-9. Personality Disorders
12-9a. Paranoid Personality Disorder
12-9b. Schizoid Personality Disorder
12-9c. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
12-9d. Antisocial Personality Disorder
12-9e. Borderline Personality Disorder
12-9f. Avoidant Personality Disorder
12-9g. Origins of Personality Disorders
Self-Assessment
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
13. Methods of Therapy
13-1. What Is Psychotherapy?
13-1a. The History of Therapies
13-2. Psychodynamic Therapies
13-2a. Traditional Psychoanalysis
13-2b. Modern Psychodynamic Approaches
13-3. Humanistic Therapies
13-3a. Client-Centered Therapy
13-3b. Gestalt Therapy
13-4. Behavior Therapy
13-4a. Fear-Reduction Methods
13-4b. Aversive Conditioning
13-4c. Operant Conditioning Procedures
13-5. Cognitive Therapies
13-5a. Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
13-5b. Albert Ellis’s Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
13-5c. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
13-6. Group Therapies
13-6a. Couple Therapy
13-6b. Family Therapy
13-6c. Self-Help and Support Groups
13-7. Does Psychotherapy Work?
13-7a. Evidence-Based Practices
13-7b. Ethnicity and Psychotherapy
13-8. Biological Therapies
13-8a. Drug Therapy
13-8b. Electroconvulsive Therapy
13-8c. Psychosurgery
13-8d. Does Biological Therapy Work?
Application
Fill-Ins
Multiple Choice
14. Social Psychology
14-1. Attitudes
14-1a. Attitude Formation
14-1b. Predicting Behavior from Attitudes
14-1c. Changing Attitudes through Persuasion
14-1d. Changing Attitudes and Behavior by Means of Cognitive Dissonance
14-2. Prejudice and Discrimination
14-2a. Stereotyping
14-2b. Sources of Prejudice
14-2c. Combating Prejudice
14-3. Attraction and Love
14-3a. Physical Appearance
14-3b. Gender Differences in Selection of a Romantic Partner
14-3c. The Attraction–Similarity Hypothesis
14-3d. Love
14-4. Social Perception
14-4a. Primacy and Recency Effects
14-4b. Attribution Theory
14-5. Social Influence
14-5a. Obedience to Authority
14-5b. Conformity
14-5c. Factors that Influence Conformity
14-6. Aggression
14-6a. Biology, Chemistry, and Aggression
14-6b. Psychological Aspects of Aggression
14-7. Group Behavior
14-7a. Social Facilitation
14-7b. Group Decision Making
14-7c. Polarization and the “Risky Shift”
14-7d. Groupthink
14-7e. MOB Behavior and Deindividuation
14-7f. Altruism and the Bystander Effect

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