Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology 7th Edition by Marjory Brooks 1119500520 9781119500520

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ISBN-10 :  1119500520 

ISBN-13 : 9781119500520

Author:  Marjory B. Brooks 

The revised seventh edition of Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology is updated to provide a comprehensive review of all topics related to disorders of the blood in animals. Designed as a gold-standard reference, this text covers a wide range of species in both confined and free-range populations, reflects the most recent trends in hematology diagnostics, and discusses recent advances in traditional techniques.

Edited and written by an international team of experts in the field, the book represents an accessible yet in-depth resource for information on veterinary hematology. The new edition includes a hemolymphatic tissue section that covers current understanding of basic science and the species-specific hematology section is further expanded from previous editions. New chapters address emerging topics in hematology, and existing chapters have been revised and rearranged to improve readability and simplify access to the material.

Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology 7th Table of contents:

SECTION I: Hemolymphatic Tissue
CHAPTER 1: Embryonic and Fetal Hematopoiesis
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT
PRIMITIVE HEMATOPOIESIS
DEFINITIVE HEMATOPOIESIS
HEMOGLOBIN SWITCHING
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REGULATING HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 2: Stem Cell Biology
DEFINING STEM CELLS
BONE‐MARROW‐DERIVED STEM CELLS
STEM CELL BIOLOGY
STEM‐CELL‐ASSOCIATED DISEASES
STEM CELLS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE
STEM CELL UTILIZATION IN VETERINARY MEDICINE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 3: Structure of the Bone Marrow
INTRODUCTION
SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
VASCULATURE AND SINUS ARCHITECTURE
INNERVATION
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 4: The Hematopoietic System
HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS
HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITORS AND PRECURSORS
SPECIES SPECIFICITY OF HEMATOPOIESIS
THE BONE MARROW MICROENVIRONMENT
CYTOKINES AND CYTOKINE SIGNALING IN HEMATOPOIESIS
EVALUATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC FUNCTION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 5: Vasculogenesis and Endothelial Cell Production
ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS
GROWTH FACTORS AND SIGNALING PATHWAYS
EXPERIMENTAL ADVANCES AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 6: Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Antigens
DEFINITION AND HISTORY
STRUCTURE AND INTEGRATION OF MEMBRANE ANTIGENS
TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 7: Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens
INTRODUCTION
MHC CLASS I AND CLASS II GENE DIVERSITIES ASSIST THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE
STRUCTURE OF THE MHC GENE CLUSTER
CLASSICAL MHC GENE PRODUCTS REGULATE T‐CELL IMMUNITY
MHC PROTEINS ARE ANTIGENS THAT DRIVE ALLOREACTIVITY
MHC PROTEINS PRESENT ANTIGENIC PEPTIDES TO T CELLS TO DIRECT IMMUNE RESPONSES
SUBVERSION OF THE MHC TO EVADE T‐CELL RECOGNITION
BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF THE MHC: WHAT MATTERS, AND WHY?
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MHC IN SELECTED ANIMAL SPECIES
HOW INVESTIGATING THE MHC AIDS THE STUDY OF T‐CELL IMMUNITY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 8: Lymphocyte Biology and Functions
GENERAL PROPERTIES
LYMPHOCYTE SURFACE MOLECULES
B CELLS
HELPER T CELLS
CYTOTOXIC T CELLS
INNATE LYMPHOID CELLS
NKT CELLS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 9: Structure and Function of Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Tissue
HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM CELLS AND ORGANS
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM
LYMPHOID SYSTEMS OF BODY SURFACES
REFERENCES
SECTION II: Hematotoxicity
CHAPTER 10: Design and Methods of Nonclinical Hematotoxicity Studies
REGULATORY GUIDELINES AND BEST PRACTICES
PREANALYTICAL VARIABLES
BONE MARROW HISTOPATHOLOGY
BONE MARROW CYTOLOGY
FLOW CYTOMETRY
OTHER TECHNIQUES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 11: Interpretation of Hematologic Datain Nonclinical Studies
DATA COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION
GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
REFERENCE RANGES
OVERVIEW OF DATA INTERPRETATION
DIFFERENCES IN HEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS
RED BLOOD CELLS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
TOXICOKINETIC DATA
REPORT WRITING
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 12: Nonclinical Evaluation of Compound‐Related Cytopenias
COMPOUND‐RELATED CYTOPENIAS IN NONCLINICAL STUDIES
MECHANISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG‐INDUCED CYTOPENIAS
DISPARITY BETWEEN NONCLINICAL AND CLINICAL SAFETY DATA
INVESTIGATIVE WORK
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 13: Nonclinical Evaluation of Compound‐Related Alterations in Hemostasis
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
EVALUATION OF COAGULATION TIMES: PT AND APTT
EVALUATION OF SPECIFIC COAGULATION OR ANTICOAGULANT FACTORS
GLOBAL COAGULATION ASSAYS
EVALUATION OF PLATELETS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 14: Preclinical Evaluation of Immunotoxicity
IMMUNOTOXICITY AND (BIO)PHARMACEUTICALS
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
IMMUNOSTIMULATION
HYPERSENSITIVITY AND AUTOIMMUNITY
REGULATORY GUIDELINES
IMMUNOLOGICAL ENDPOINTS IN PRECLINICAL TOXICITY STUDIES
IMMUNOGENICITY
DEVELOPMENTAL IMMUNOTOXICITY EVALUATIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 15: Blood and Bone Marrow Toxicity Induced by Drugs, Heavy Metals, Chemicals, and Toxic Plants
DRUG‐INDUCED HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
HEAVY‐METAL‐INDUCED HEMATOPOIETIC INJURY
CHEMICAL‐INDUCED HEMATOPOIETIC INJURY
PLANT‐TOXIN‐INDUCED HEMATOPOIETIC INJURY
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 16: Acute Myelotoxicity and Myelitis in Domestic and Laboratory Animals
ACUTE MYELONECROSIS AND MYELITIS IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS
ACUTE MYELONECROSIS AND MYELITIS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 17: Chronic Inflammation and Secondary Myelofibrosis in Domestic and Laboratory Animals
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND MYELOFIBROSIS IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND MYELOFIBROSIS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 18: Infectious Injury to Bone Marrow
BONE MARROW PATHOLOGY
RICKETTSIAL INFECTION
PROTOZOAL INFECTION—LEISHMANIA
VIRAL INFECTION
FUNGAL INFECTION
REFERENCES
SECTION III: Erythrocytes
CHAPTER 19: Erythropoiesis
DEFINITIONS
STEM CELL TO ERYTHROCYTE
MOLECULAR CONTROL OF ERYTHROPOIESIS
MICROENVIRONMENT
ERYTHROKINETICS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 20: Erythrocyte Structure and Function
ERYTHROCYTE STRUCTURE
HEMOGLOBIN STRUCTURE, SYNTHESIS, AND METABOLISM
IRON METABOLISM
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 21: Erythrocyte Biochemistry
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
EMBDEN–MEYERHOF PATHWAY AND ATP PRODUCTION
DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE PATHWAY AND OXYGEN AFFINITY OF HEMOGLOBIN
OXIDANTS AND OXIDATIVE INJURY
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY AND PROTECTION AGAINST OXIDANTS
METHEMOGLOBIN FORMATION AND REDUCTION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 22: Erythrokinetics and Erythrocyte Destruction
RETICULOCYTE MATURATION
RBC LIFE SPAN
MECHANISMS OF RBC CLEARANCE
RBC DESTRUCTION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 23: Reticulocyte and Heinz Body Staining and Enumeration
RETICULOCYTE STAINING AND COUNTING
HEINZ BODY STAINING AND COUNTING
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 24: Erythrocyte Morphology
NORMAL ERYTHROCYTE MORPHOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION
VARIATION IN ERYTHROCYTE MORPHOLOGY
ERYTHROCYTE INCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 25: Classification and Laboratory Evaluation of Anemia
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ANEMIA
PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF ANEMIA
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES
BLOOD LOSS ANEMIA
NONREGENERATIVE ANEMIA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 26: Erythrocytosis
RELATIVE ERYTHROCYTOSIS
ABSOLUTE ERYTHROCYTOSIS
CLINICAL SIGNS OF ERYTHROCYTOSIS
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH
TREATMENT
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 27: Iron and Copper Deficiencies, and Disorders of Iron Metabolism
IRON PHYSIOLOGY
TESTS FOR EVALUATION OF IRON DISORDERS
IRON DEFICIENCY
OTHER MICROCYTIC OR HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIAS
COPPER DEFICIENCY
IRON OVERLOAD
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 28: The Porphyrias—Disorders of Defective Heme Synthesis
NORMAL HEME SYNTHESIS
ABNORMAL HEME SYNTHESIS
GENERAL CONSEQUENCES OF DEFECTIVE HEME SYNTHESIS
TESTING
ENZYMATIC STEPS OF HEME SYNTHESIS AND ASSOCIATED PORPHYRIAS
ANIMAL PORPHYRIAS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 29: Hereditary Erythroenzymopathies
PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE DEFICIENCY
PYRUVATE KINASE DEFICIENCY
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 30: Erythrocyte Membrane Defects
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS CAUSED BY HEREDITARY RED CELL MEMBRANE DEFECTS
HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS
HEREDITARY ELLIPTOCYTOSIS
HEREDITARY STOMATOCYTOSIS
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE DEFECTS
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT DEFECTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 31: Congenital Dyserythropoiesis
PATHOGENESIS
POODLE MACROCYTOSIS
INHERITED SELECTIVE MALABSORPTION OF COBALAMIN
CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIESIS, POLYMYOPATHY, AND CARDIAC DISEASE IN ENGLISH SPRINGER SPANIELS
CONGENITAL ANEMIA, DYSKERATOSIS, AND PROGRESSIVE ALOPECIA IN POLLED HEREFORD CALVES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 32: Anemia Associated with Oxidative Injury
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OXIDATIVE INJURY
SPECIFIC CAUSES OF OXIDATIVE INJURY IN DOMESTIC SPECIES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 33: Anemia Caused by Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, and Protozoa
RICKETTSIA
HEMOTROPHIC MYCOPLASMAS (HEMOPLASMAS)
PROTOZOA
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 34: Anemia Associated with Bacterial and Viral Infections
CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS INFECTIONS (YELLOW LAMB DISEASE, BACILLARY HEMOGLOBINURIA, CLOSTRIDIAL MYONECROSIS)
CLOSTRIDIUM HAEMOLYTICUM OR C. NOVYI TYPE D INFECTIONS (BACILLARY HEMOGLOBINURIA, RED WATER DISEASE)
CORYNEBACTERIUM PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS INFECTIONS
LEPTOSPIROSIS
EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 35: Immune‐Mediated Anemia in the Dog
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
DIAGNOSIS
THERAPY
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 36: Immune‐Mediated Anemia in the Cat
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL SIGNS
DIAGNOSIS
FEATURES OF IMHA
TRIGGERS OF SECONDARY/ASSOCIATIVE IMHA
RED BLOOD CELL GROUP INCOMPATIBILITIES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 37: Immune‐Mediated Anemia in Ruminants and Horses
IMMUNE‐MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
NEONATAL ISOERYTHROLYSIS
EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA
PIROPLASMOSIS/BABESIOSIS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 38: Precursor‐Targeted Immune‐Mediated Anemia and Pure Red Cell Aplasia in Dogs and Cats
Acronyms and Abbreviations
PRECURSOR‐TARGETED IMMUNE‐MEDIATED ANEMIA IN DOGS
PRECURSOR‐TARGETED IMMUNE‐MEDIATED ANEMIA IN CATS
PURE RED CELL APLASIA IN DOGS
PURE RED CELL APLASIA IN CATS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 39: Anemia of Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Renal, and Endocrine Diseases
INFLAMMATION
NEOPLASIA
RENAL DISEASE
ENDOCRINE DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 40: Aplastic Anemia
PATHOGENESIS
DIAGNOSIS
MODELS OF APLASTIC ANEMIA
APLASTIC ANEMIA IN DOGS
APLASTIC ANEMIA IN CATS
APLASTIC ANEMIA IN HORSES
APLASTIC ANEMIA IN RUMINANTS
APLASTIC ANEMIA IN CHICKENS
REFERENCES
SECTION IV: Leukocytes
CHAPTER 41: Granulopoiesis
ROLE OF THE MICROENVIRONMENT
LINEAGE COMMITMENT
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR REGULATION OF GRANULOPOIESIS
CYTOKINE REGULATION OF GRANULOPOIESIS
ROLE OF MICRORNAS IN GRANULOPOIESIS
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF GRANULOPOIESIS
NEUTROPHILS
EOSINOPHILS
BASOPHILS
MAST CELLS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 42: Neutrophil Structure and Biochemistry
NEUTROPHIL STRUCTURE
NEUTROPHIL GRANULES AND SPECIES COMPARISONS
SECRETORY VESICLES
NEUTROPHIL PLASMA MEMBRANE
NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASM
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 43: Neutrophil Function and Response
NEUTROPHIL RECRUITMENT
NEUTROPHIL ROLLING
CHEMOTAXIS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
ANTIMICROBIAL MECHANISMS
NEUTROPHIL FATE
IMMUNOMODULATORY FUNCTION OF NEUTROPHILS
NEUTROPHILS IN DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 44: Neutrophil Function Disorders
INHERITED DISORDERS
ACQUIRED DISORDERS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 45: Clinical Evaluation of Neutrophil Function
SPECIMEN, STORAGE, AND NEUTROPHIL ISOLATION
CLASSICAL TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATION OF PHAGOCYTIC PROCESS
FLOW CYTOMETRIC TESTS FOR NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION
EVALUATION OF NEUTROPHIL DEATH
EVALUATION OF NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 46: Eosinophils and Their Disorders
REGULATION, PRODUCTION, AND RELEASE
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLISM
STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY
SURFACE MOLECULES
SIGNS OF ACTIVATION
INVOLVEMENT IN HOMEOSTASIS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
TRAFFICKING IN EOSINOPHILIC INFLAMMATION
EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS
MECHANISMS OF EOSINOPHIL EFFECTOR FUNCTION
MECHANISMS OF EOSINOPHILIA AND EOSINOPENIA
THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 47: Basophils, Mast Cells, and Their Disorders
ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT, AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
OVERVIEW OF BASOPHIL AND MAST CELL BIOLOGIC FUNCTIONS
MAJOR PRODUCTS OF BASOPHILS AND MAST CELLS
ROLE OF BASOPHILS AND MAST CELLS IN TYPE 2 IMMUNE RESPONSES
ROLE OF BASOPHILS AND MAST CELLS IN TYPE I HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF BASOPHILS
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MAST CELLS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 48: Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cell Production
Acronyms and Abbreviations
MONOCYTE PRODUCTION
MACROPHAGES PRODUCTION
DENDRITIC CELL PRODUCTION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 49: Monocytes and Macrophages and Their Disorders
Acronyms and Abbreviations
MONOCYTES
MACROPHAGES
DENDRITIC CELLS
MONOCYTE DISORDERS
MACROPHAGE DISORDERS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 50: Lymphocyte Ontogeny and Lymphopoiesis
IMMUNOLOGIC DIVERSITY
B CELL DEVELOPMENT
T CELL DEVELOPMENT
NATURAL KILLER CELL DEVELOPMENT
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 51: Structure, Function, and Disordersof Lymphoid Tissue
STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND DISORDERS OF PRIMARY LYMPHOID TISSUE
STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND DISORDERS OF SECONDARY LYMPHOID TISSUE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 52: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
DIAGNOSIS
PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 53: Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
PREVALENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL DISEASE
HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
IMMUNE REACTION
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
PROGNOSIS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 54: T Cell, Immunoglobulin, and Complement Immunodeficiency Disorders
IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASE
DIAGNOSIS OF AN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
DISEASES OF THE B CELL (HUMORAL) IMMUNE SYSTEM
DISEASES OF THE T CELL (CELL‐MEDIATED) IMMUNE SYSTEM
DISEASES OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 55: Severe Combined Immunodeficiencies
SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY IN ARABIAN FOALS
FELL PONY SYNDROME
X‐LINKED SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY
SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY IN JACK RUSSELL TERRIERS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 56: Lymphadenopathy Not Caused by Lymphoma
LYMPH NODE ANATOMY
LYMPHADENOPATHY
CYTOLOGICAL EVALUATION
SELECTED DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH NONMALIGNANT LYMPHADENOPATHY IN DOGS AND CATS
REFERENCES
SECTION V: Hematologic Neoplasia
CHAPTER 57: Cell‐Cycle Control in Hematopoietic Cells
THE CELL‐CYCLE ENGINE
MAINTENANCE OF G0
THE G0 TO G1 TRANSITION AND G1‐PHASE PROGRESSION
S‐PHASE PROGRESSION
G2‐PHASE PROGRESSION
M‐PHASE PROGRESSION
THE CELL CYCLE AND CANCER
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 58: Epidemiology of Hematopoietic Neoplasia
HEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASIA EPIDEMIOLOGY BASED ON A REFERENCE POPULATION
HEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASIA RISK ASSESSMENT IN DOGS
HEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASIA RISK ASSESSMENT IN CATS
HEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASIA RISK ASSESSMENT IN HORSES
HEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASIA RISK ASSESSMENT IN CATTLE
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 59: Genetics of Hematopoietic Neoplasia
GENES AND CANCER RISK
THE HALLMARKS OF CANCER
MOLECULAR EVENTS IN CARCINOGENESIS
CANCER STEM CELLS
ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION IN THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 60: Transforming Retroviruses
RETROVIRIDAE
RETROVIRAL LIFE CYCLE
CLASSIFICATION OF THE FAMILY RETROVIRIDAE
OVERVIEW OF RETROVIRUS‐INDUCED DISEASE
RETROVIRUS‐INDUCED ONCOGENES
PROTOTYPICAL AND WELL‐CHARACTERIZED ONCORETROVIRUSES
MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUSES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 61: Cytochemical Staining and Immunocytochemistry
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CYTOCHEMISTRY
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR STAINING NEOPLASTIC HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS
REACTIONS OF NORMAL HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS
CYTOCHEMICAL STAINING PRINCIPLES AND DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY
REACTIONS OF NORMAL HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR DIAGNOSING NEOPLASTIC HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 62: Determination of Clonality
INTRODUCTION
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR ANTIGEN RECEPTOR REARRANGEMENT (PARR)
X‐CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION PATTERN (XCIP) ANALYSIS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 63: Immunophenotyping
IMMUNOPHENOTYPING
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 64: Flow Cytometry in Hematologic Neoplasia
CLINICAL FLOW CYTOMETRY
INDICATIONS
SAMPLE PREPARATION
ANTIBODY PANELS
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
REPORTING FLOW CYTOMETRY RESULTS
DIAGNOSING HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASIA BY FLOW CYTOMETRY
LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE
LEUKEMIA
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 65: Classification and General Features of Lymphoma and Leukemia
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
PRESENTATION OF AN ALGORITHM FOR THE DIAGNOSIS/WORKUP OF LYMPHOMA AND LEUKEMIA
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 66: Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
INTRODUCTION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 67: Myelodysplastic Syndromes
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES IN DOGS
SECONDARY DYSMYELOPOIESIS IN DOGS
MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES IN CATS
SECONDARY DYSMYELOPOIESIS IN CATS
MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME IN HORSES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 68: Acute Myeloid Leukemia
PATHOGENESIS
DIAGNOSIS
CLASSIFICATION
SPECIES SUMMARY
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 69: B‐Cell Tumors
INTRODUCTION
PRECURSOR B‐CELL NEOPLASMS
MATURE B‐CELL NEOPLASMS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 70: Plasma Cell Tumors
MULTIPLE MYELOMA
SOLITARY AND EXTRAMEDULLARY PLASMACYTIC TUMORS
CUTANEOUS PLASMACYTOSIS
WALDENSTRÖM’S MACROGLOBULINEMIA
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 71: Hodgkin and Hodgkin‐Like Lymphoma
INTRODUCTION
HISTOLOGY OF HUMAN HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
IMMUNOPHENOTYPE AND IMMUNODIAGNOSTICS
TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
HODGKIN‐LIKE LYMPHOMA IN ANIMALS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 72: T‐Cell Tumors
INTRODUCTION
CANINE T‐CELL NEOPLASMS
FELINE T‐CELL NEOPLASMS
EQUINE T‐CELL NEOPLASMS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 73: Mast Cell Neoplasia
CANINE MAST CELL TUMOR
FELINE MAST CELL TUMOR
MAST CELL TUMORS IN OTHER SPECIES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 74: Histiocytic Proliferative Diseasesof Dogs and Cats
AN OVERVIEW OF CANINE AND FELINE HISTIOCYTIC DISEASES
HISTIOCYTIC LINEAGES
IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC MARKERS OF HISTIOCYTES
DENDRITIC CELL MIGRATION
CANINE REACTIVE HISTIOCYTOSES
CUTANEOUS HISTIOCYTOSIS VERSUS SYSTEMIC HISTIOCYTOSIS
TREATMENT OPTIONS IN SH AND CH
CANINE CUTANEOUS HISTIOCYTOMA COMPLEX
CUTANEOUS LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
TREATMENT OF HISTIOCYTOMA COMPLEX
HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA COMPLEX
HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA—DISTINCTIVE SYNDROMES
PERIARTICULAR/ARTICULAR HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA
DENDRITIC CELL LEUKEMIA
TREATMENT OF HS COMPLEX
FELINE PROGRESSIVE HISTIOCYTOSIS
FELINE PULMONARY LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
SECTION VI: Platelets
CHAPTER 75: Thrombopoiesis
THROMBOPOIESIS OVERVIEW
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS
MEGAKARYOCYTE MATURATION AND PLATELET FORMATION
THROMBOPOIETIN AND OTHER KEY HORMONES
MEGAKARYOCYTE PLOIDY AND PLATELET MASS AMONG SPECIES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 76: Platelet Structure
MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
CYTOPLASMIC STRUCTURAL AND MEMBRANOUS ELEMENTS
CYTOSKELETON
GRANULES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 77: Platelet Signal Transduction and Activation Response
OVERVIEW OF PLATELET FUNCTION
PLATELET RECEPTORS AND ACTIVATION PATHWAYS
PLATELET–LEUKOCYTE INTERACTIONS AND THROMBOINFLAMMATION
PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 78: Platelet Kinetics and Laboratory Evaluation of Thrombocytopenia
PLATELET KINETICS
MECHANISMS OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 79: Evaluation of Platelet Function
BUCCAL MUCOSAL BLEEDING TIME
PLATELET AGGREGATION
PLATELET FUNCTION ANALYZER—PFA‐100®, PFA‐200®
FLOW CYTOMETRY
ADDITIONAL ASSAYS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 80: Immune Thrombocytopenia
INTRODUCTION
ITP NOMENCLATURE
PRIMARY ITP PATHOGENESIS
SECONDARY ITP
ALLOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIAS
CLINICAL FEATURES OF PRIMARY ITP
DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY ITP
TREATMENT OF PRIMARY ITP
PRIMARY ITP PROGNOSIS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 81: Nonimmune‐Mediated Thrombocytopenia
INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSIS OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA
BASIC MECHANISMS FOR THROMBOCYTOPENIA
DISEASE CATEGORIES OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 82: Thrombocytosis and Essential Thrombocythemia
INTRODUCTION
THROMBOPOIESIS: OVERVIEW
CAUSES OF THROMBOCYTOSIS
ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA IN HUMANS
ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA IN ANIMALS
FAMILIAL/INHERITED THROMBOCYTOSIS
CONSEQUENCES OF THROMBOCYTOSIS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 83: von Willebrand Disease
DISEASE MECHANISM
DISEASE CLASSIFICATION
INHERITANCE AND EXPRESSION PATTERNS
VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR ASSAYS
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF VWD
REFERENCES
ON‐LINE RESOURCES
CHAPTER 84: Inherited Platelet Disorders
OVERVIEW—INTRINSIC VERSUS EXTRINSIC PLATELET DISORDERS
INHERITED MACROTHROMBOCYTOPENIA
MEMBRANE RECEPTOR DISORDERS
STORAGE POOL DISORDERS
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION DISORDERS
PLATELET PROCOAGULANT DEFICIENCY
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 85: Acquired Platelet Dysfunction
INTRODUCTION
DISEASE CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PLATELET DYSFUNCTION
PHARMACEUTICALS THAT AFFECT PLATELET FUNCTION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 86: Treatment of Disorders of Platelet Number and Function
TREATMENT OF DISORDERS OF PLATELET NUMBER
TREATMENT OF DISORDERS OF PLATELET FUNCTION
REFERENCES
SECTION VII: Hemostasis
CHAPTER 87: Overview of Hemostasis
BIOCHEMISTRY OF COAGULATION
COAGULATION PROTEINS THAT GENERATE THROMBIN
CELLS THAT PARTICIPATE IN HEMOSTASIS
CELL‐BASED MODEL OF THROMBIN GENERATION
THROMBIN
FIBRINOGEN AND FIBRIN CLOT STRUCTURE
FIBRINOLYSIS
HEMOSTASIS AND INFLAMMATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 88: Laboratory Testing of Coagulation Disorders
SAMPLE COLLECTION AND PROCESSING FOR COAGULATION TESTING
CLOTTING TIME TESTS
FIBRINOGEN AND PROCOAGULANT ASSAYS
ANTICOAGULANT ASSAYS
FIBRINOLYTIC PATHWAY ASSAYS
WHOLE BLOOD ASSAYS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 89: Acquired Coagulopathies
PATHOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION OF ACQUIRED COAGULOPATHIES
CLINICAL EVALUATION
SPECIFIC DISORDERS
REFERENCES
ON‐LINE RESOURCES
CHAPTER 90: Hereditary Coagulopathies
HEREDITARY COAGULATION FACTOR DEFICIENCIES
X‐LINKED FACTOR DEFICIENCIES: HEMOPHILIA A AND B
AUTOSOMAL FACTOR DEFICIENCIES
REFERENCES
ON‐LINE RESOURCES
CHAPTER 91: Thrombotic Disorders
INTRODUCTION
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH THROMBOSIS
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF THROMBOSIS
CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THROMBOSIS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 92: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation*
PRIMARY DISEASE CONDITIONS
PATHOGENESIS
DIAGNOSIS OF DIC
TREATMENT OF DIC
REFERENCES
Note
CHAPTER 93: Vascular Diseases
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND MALFORMATIONS
DEGENERATION OF ARTERIES
HYPERTROPHY OF ARTERIES
VASCULITIS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 94: Treatment of Hemostatic Defects
TREATMENT OF HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS
TREATMENT OF THROMBOTIC DISORDERS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 95: Avian Hemostasis
INTRODUCTION
PHYSIOLOGY OF AVIAN HEMOSTASIS
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
COAGULATION DISORDERS
REFERENCES
SECTION VIII: Transfusion Medicine
CHAPTER 96: Erythrocyte Antigens and Blood Groups
RED BLOOD CELL ANTIGENS AND BLOOD GROUPS IN THE DOG
RED BLOOD CELL ANTIGENS AND BLOOD GROUPS IN THE CAT
RED BLOOD CELL ANTIGENS AND BLOOD GROUPS IN LIVESTOCK SPECIES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 97: Granulocyte and Platelet Antigens
GRANULOCYTE ANTIGENS
PLATELET ANTIGENS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 98: Principles of Canine and Feline Blood Collection, Processing, and Storage
BLOOD BANKING—INTRODUCTION
DONOR CONSIDERATIONS
BLOOD COLLECTION PRINCIPLES
BLOOD COLLECTION SUPPLIES
PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF WHOLE BLOOD
LEUKOREDUCTION
IRRADIATION, ULTRAVIOLET TREATMENT, AND PATHOGEN INACTIVATION OF BLOOD COMPONENTS
SEPARATION OF WHOLE BLOOD INTO COMPONENTS
STORAGE
QUALITY CONTROL
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 99: Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Dog and Cat
INDICATIONS
PRETRANSFUSION COMPATIBILITY TESTING
XENOTRANSFUSION IN CATS
ADMINISTRATION
PATIENT MONITORING
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 100: Transfusion of Plasma Products
PLASMA CONSTITUENTS
PLASMA COMPONENTS
PLASMA DERIVATIVES AND RECOMBINANT PROTEINS
INDICATIONS FOR PLASMA THERAPY
GUIDELINES FOR PLASMA ADMINISTRATION
ADVERSE REACTIONS TO PLASMA PRODUCTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 101: Platelet and Granulocyte Transfusion
PLATELET TRANSFUSION
ASSESSMENT OF PLATELETS FOR TRANSFUSION
WHOLE BLOOD‐DERIVED AND APHERESIS PLATELETS
STORAGE OF PLATELET‐RICH BLOOD AND COMPONENTS
TRANSFUSION OF PLATELETS
PLATELET TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
GRANULOCYTE TRANSFUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 102: Blood Transfusion in Large Animals
INDICATIONS FOR BLOOD PRODUCT TRANSFUSIONS
BLOOD DONOR SELECTION
BLOOD TYPING AND CROSSMATCHING
COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
ADMINISTRATION AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
RUMINANTS AND CAMELIDS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 103: Blood Transfusion in Exotic Species
ANEMIA IN EXOTIC SPECIES
INDICATIONS FOR TRANSFUSION
CROSSMATCHING
BLOOD COLLECTION AND STORAGE
BLOOD ADMINISTRATION—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
AVIAN SPECIES
SMALL MAMMALS
REPTILES
OTHER SPECIES/TRANSFUSION ALTERNATIVES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 104: Transfusion Reactions
IMMUNE COMPLICATIONS
NONIMMUNE COMPLICATIONS
PREVENTION AND RECOGNITION OF TRANSFUSION REACTIONS
EVALUATION OF A PATIENT WITH A SUSPECTED TRANSFUSION REACTION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 105: Cellular Therapy
HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL THERAPY
MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL THERAPY
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 106: Clinical Use of Hematopoietic Growth Factors
ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO)
GRANULOCYTE COLONY‐STIMULATING FACTOR (G‐CSF)
GRANULOCYTE–MACROPHAGE COLONY‐STIMULATING FACTOR (GM‐CSF)
THROMBOPOIETIN (TPO)
INTERLEUKIN‐3
STEM CELL FACTOR
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 107: Clinical Blood Typing and Crossmatching
BLOOD TYPING
CROSSMATCHING
REFERENCES
SECTION IX: Species‐Specific Hematology
CHAPTER 108: Hematology of Dogs
ERYTHROCYTES
LEUKOCYTES
PLATELETS
REFERENCE INTERVALS
BONE MARROW
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 109: Hematology of Cats
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
PLATELETS
BLOOD AND BONE MARROW COLLECTION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
BONE MARROW
INTERPRETATION OF THE ERYTHRON IN DISEASE
INTERPRETATION OF THE LEUKON IN DISEASE RESPONSE
HEMOPARASITES
RETROVIRUS‐ASSOCIATED HEMATOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 110: Hematology of Equids
INTRODUCTION
THE ERYTHRON
THE LEUKON
THE THROMBON
REFERENCE INTERVALS
BONE MARROW
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 111: Hematology of Bovids
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
PLATELETS AND COAGULATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
BLOOD AND BONE MARROW COLLECTION
HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE TO DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 112: Hematology of Sheep and Goats
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
PLATELETS
PLASMA PROTEINS
BONE MARROW
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 113: Hematology of Pigs
ERYTHROCYTES
LEUKOCYTES
PLATELETS AND COAGULATION
BONE MARROW
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 114: Hematology of Rodentia
INTRODUCTION
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
PLATELETS AND COAGULATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
BLOOD COLLECTION
BONE MARROW COLLECTION AND EVALUATION
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
HEMOPARASITES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 115: Hematology of Mustelids
BLOOD COLLECTION AND SAMPLE HANDLING
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
PLATELETS AND COAGULATION
BONE MARROW COLLECTION AND HEMATOPOIETIC EVALUATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 116: Hematology of Cavies
INTRODUCTION
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
PLATELETS AND COAGULATION
BONE MARROW
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 117: Hematology of Lagomorphs
INTRODUCTION
BLOOD COLLECTION
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
PLATELETS AND COAGULATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
BONE MARROW COLLECTION AND EVALUATION
HEMATOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 118: Hematology of Laboratory Animals
NORMAL HEMATOLOGY OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
PLATELETS
BONE MARROW COLLECTION AND EVALUATION
COAGULATION
HEMATOLOGY OF LABORATORY ANIMALS
PREANALYTICAL FACTORS AFFECTING HEMATOLOGIC TEST RESULTS
ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL HEMATOLOGY
USE OF CONTROL GROUPS, REFERENCE INTERVALS, AND HISTORICAL CONTROLS
POSTANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL HEMATOLOGY
BONE MARROW
REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR LABORATORY ANIMALS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 119: Hematology of Camelids
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
PLATELETS AND COAGULATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
BONE MARROW COLLECTION AND EVALUATION
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 120: Hematology of Cervids
ERYTHROCYTES
LEUKOCYTES
PLATELETS
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 121: Hematology of Paenungulata: Elephants, Sirenians, and Hyraxes
ELEPHANTIDAE
HYRACOIDEA
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 122: Hematology of Marine Mammals
BLOOD SAMPLING
ERYTHROGRAM
LEUKOGRAM
PLATELETS AND COAGULATION
BONE MARROW COLLECTION AND EVALUATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC MANIFESTATION OF DISEASE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 123: Hematology of Galliformes
HEMATOPOIESIS
BLOOD COLLECTION
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
THROMBON
REFERENCE INTERVALS AND PARTITIONING FACTORS
BONE MARROW COLLECTION AND EVALUATION
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 124: Hematology of Psittacines
BLOOD COLLECTION AND PREANALYTICAL FACTORS
LABORATORY EVALUATION
ERYTHROCYTE MORPHOLOGY
LEUKOCYTE MORPHOLOGY
THROMBOCYTES AND HEMOSTASIS
BONE MARROW COLLECTION AND EVALUATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 125: Hematology of Anseriformes
BLOOD COLLECTION
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
THROMBON AND COAGULATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS
BONE MARROW COLLECTION AND EVALUATION
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 126: Hematology of Raptors
BLOOD COLLECTION
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 127: Hematology of Ratites
INTRODUCTION
BLOOD COLLECTION AND HANDLING
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
THROMBON AND COAGULATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
HEMOPARASITES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 128: Hematology of Elasmobranchs
SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
ERYTHROCYTES
LEUKOCYTES
THROMBOCYTES AND COAGULATION
CYTOCHEMISTRY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE TO DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 129: Hematology of Salmonids
BLOOD COLLECTION
LABORATORY ANALYSIS
HEMATOPOIESIS
ERYTHROCYTES
LEUKOCYTES
THROMBOCYTES
REFERENCE INTERVALS AND PARTITIONING FACTORS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 130: Hematology of Ictaluridae
BLOOD COLLECTION AND SAMPLE PREPARATION
ERYTHROCYTES
LEUKOCYTES
THROMBOCYTES AND COAGULATION
HEMATOPOIESIS
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 131: Hematology of Cyprinidae
RESTRAINT, BLOOD COLLECTION, AND STORAGE
LABORATORY ANALYSIS
ERTYHRON
LEUKON
THROMBOCYTES AND HEMOSTASIS
CYTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTUAL FEATURES
HEMATOPOIESIS
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 132: Hematology of Lizards, Crocodilians, and Tuatara
BLOOD COLLECTION AND PROCESSING
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
THROMBON
HEMATOPOIESIS AND BONE MARROW ASSESSMENT
REFERENCE INTERVALS AND INTERPRETATION
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 133: Hematology of Serpentes
BLOOD COLLECTION AND PREANALYTICAL ERROR
ERYTHROCYTES
LEUKOCYTES
THROMBOCYTES AND COAGULATION
REFERENCE INTERVALS
BONE MARROW AND COLLECTION
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 134: Hematology of Testudines
SAMPLE COLLECTION
ERYTHROCYTES
LEUKOCYTES
THROMBOCYTES AND HEMOSTASIS
BONE MARROW
REFERENCE INTERVALS
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 135: Hematology of Amphibians
HEMATOPOIESIS
ERYTHRON
LEUKON
THROMBOCYTES
HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 136: Hematology of Invertebrates
HEMATOLOGIC METHODS
HEMOCYTES
HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE TO DISEASE
REFERENCES
SECTION X: Quality Management and Laboratory Techniques
CHAPTER 137: Quality Management of Hematology Techniques
EXTRA‐ANALYTICAL FACTORS
ANALYTICAL FACTORS OF SPECIAL IMPORTANCE IN VETERINARY HEMATOLOGY
CASE EXAMPLE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 138: Total Error and Proficiency Testing
WHY YOU SHOULD PERFORM PROFICIENCY TESTING?
HOW PROFICIENCY TESTING IS CONDUCTED AND JUDGED
GRAPHS AND STATISTICS IN YOUR PROFICIENCY TESTING REPORT
PROFICIENCY TESTING IS BUILT ON A FOUNDATION OF ALLOWABLE TOTAL ERROR
WHY ARE THERE DIFFERENT ALLOWABLE TOTAL ERROR GOALS?
ALLOWABLE TOTAL ERROR GOALS FOR VETERINARY HEMATOLOGY
THE CHALLENGE OF THE FUTURE: EVOLVING GOALS AND CHANGING PRACTICES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 139: Quantitative Diagnostic Test Validation
INTRODUCTION
ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE VALIDATION
DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE VALIDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 140: Reference Intervals and Decision Limits
INTRODUCTION
ESTABLISHMENT OF PROSPECTIVE REFERENCE INTERVALS
ESTABLISHMENT OF INDIRECT REFERENCE INTERVALS BY DATA MINING
TRANSFERENCE AND VERIFICATION OF REFERENCE INTERVALS
REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR SUBGROUPS OR INDIVIDUALS
DECISION LIMITS (THRESHOLDS)
PRESENTATION OF REFERENCE INTERVALS AND DECISION LIMITS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 141: Bone Marrow Evaluation
BONE MARROW COLLECTION IN DOGS AND CATS
BONE MARROW COLLECTION IN HORSES
BONE MARROW COLLECTION IN RUMINANTS
BONE MARROW COLLECTION AND PROCESSING IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
SLIDE PREPARATION AND STAINING OF CLINICAL BONE MARROW SAMPLES
EVALUATION OF BONE MARROW SMEARS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
EVALUATION OF BONE MARROW SMEARS IN PATIENTS
USE OF HEMATOLOGY ANALYZERS FOR BONE MARROW ANALYSIS
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 142: Flow Cytometry
INSTRUMENTATION AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LIGHT SCATTER AND FLUORESCENCE
SAMPLE PREPARATION AND PROCESSING
CHOICE OF ANTIBODY AND FLUOROCHROME
COMPENSATION AND GATING CONTROLS
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
QUALITY ASSURANCE
APPLICATIONS IN VETERINARY CLINICAL LABORATORIES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 143: Testing for Immune‐Mediated Hematologic Disease
COOMBS TEST
ANTINEUTROPHIL ANTIBODY TESTS
ANTIPLATELET ANTIBODY TESTS
ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY TEST
INVESTIGATION OF DRUG‐INDUCED AUTOANTIBODIES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 144: Electrophoresis and Acute‐Phase Proteins
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROPHORESIS
ELECTROPHORETIC METHODS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE
ACUTE‐PHASE PROTEIN DETECTION
QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR ELECTROPHORESIS AND ACUTE‐PHASE PROTEIN DETECTION
ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE
ELECTROPHORETOGRAM INTERPRETATION AND REPORTING
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 145: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
SAMPLING AND PREANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
NUCLEIC ACID EXTRACTION
TENETS OF PCR
SEQUENCING MODALITIES
IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 146: Genetic Evaluation of Inherited Hematologic Diseases
DEFINITIONS OF INHERITED CONDITIONS
GENETIC ANALYSIS

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