(Ebook PDF) Skeletons The Frame of Life 1st edition by Jan Zalasiewicz, Mark Williams 0192522469 9780192522467 full chapters

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Product details:

ISBN-10 :  0192522469 

ISBN-13 :  9780192522467

Author : Jan Zalasiewicz, Mark Williams 

Over half a billion years ago life on earth took an incredible step in evolution, when animals learned to build skeletons. Using many different materials, from calcium carbonate and phosphate, and even silica, to make shell and bone, they started creating the support structures that are now critical to most living forms, providing rigidity and strength. Manifesting in a vast variety of forms, they provided the framework for sophisticated networks of life that fashioned the evolution of Earth’s oceans, land, and atmosphere. Within a few tens of millions of years, all of the major types of skeleton had appeared. Skeletons enabled an unprecedented array of bodies to evolve, from the tiniest seed shrimp to the gigantic dinosaurs and blue whales. The earliest bacterial colonies constructed large rigid structures – stromatolites – built up by trapping layers of sediment, while the mega-skeleton that is the Great Barrier Reef is big enough to be visible from space. The skeletons of millions of coccolithophores that lived in the shallow seas of the Mesozoic built the white cliffs of Dover. These, and insects, put their scaffolding on the outside, as an exoskeleton, while vertebrates have endoskeletons.

 

Skeletons: The Frame of Life 1st Table of contents:

1. Skeletons Appear
The First True Skeletons
Attack of the Soft Animals
An Eruption of Skeletons
Harder and Softer Skeletons
Primordial Skeletons of Lilliput?
2. A Shell on the Outside
How Big is Big?
Armour-Plated Animals
Humpty Dumpty World
Rise of the Planet of the Arthropods
The Enduring Ostracods
The Exoskeleton Invasion of Land
The Seashells
Jet-Propelled Exoskeletons
Skeleton of the Argonauts
The Building Trade
The Slow Road to Success
3. A Shell on the Inside
The Armoured Fish
The Earliest Vertebrates
The Strangest Teeth
Building Blocks of a Skeleton
Tooth and Jaw, but Not Yet Claw
Half Fish, Half Tetrapod
Amphibians to Amniotes
The ‘Not Quite Dinosaurs’ of the Permian
Enter the Dinosaurs
A Question of Size
Reclaiming the Seas
The Making of the Modern Skeleton
A New Skeleton Diversity
All Fours to Upright
The Roots of Human Abundance
From Hand to Mouth
The ‘Hedgehog Skin’ Animals
The Shape-Shifters
4. Plant Skeletons
Early Days
The River Revolution
The Moving Plant Skeletons
The Grit in Grass
5. Mega-skeletons
The Coral Skeleton
The Wider Reef
The Deeper Reef
The Larger Frameworks
Bivalve Reefs of the Cretaceous
The Ancient Reefs of the Palaeozoic
6. Mini-skeletons
A World Unseen
The ‘Ur Animals’
An Amoeba within a Shell
Challenging Times
Ancient Mysteries and Whirling Dervishes
Plankton in Glasshouses
The Coccospheres
7. Flying Skeletons
Flying Kites
Arthropods in the Air
From Pterosaurs to Terror Birds
The Birds
Back to the Land: the Terror Birds
Flying Mammals
8. Skeleton Archives
A Mollusc for all Seasons
The Saw-tooth Foraminifera
The Return of the Giant Tortoises
Keeping Time in the Devonian
The Warm Seas of the Ordovician
Skeleton Coasts
The Long Sleep of the Antarctic
A Brief Royal Epilogue
9. Future Skeletons
Preparation for a Sequel
Bones of the Sequel
The Next Reef Gap?
Designer Skeletons
Augmented Bones
Do-It-Yourself Skeletons
10. Skeletons on Alien Planets
Eozoön, or the Proto-skeleton That Wasn’t
Micro-skeletons on Mars?
Living Rocks?
Living Stromatolites
Martian Stromatolites?
Diversifying Extraterrestrial Skeletons

 

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