Steam Plant Operation 10th Edition by Everett Woodruff, Herbert Lammers, Thomas Lammers 1259641341 9781259641343

Steam Plant Operation 10th Edition by Everett B. Woodruff, Herbert B. Lammers, Thomas F. Lammers – Ebook PDF Instant Download/DeliveryISBN:  1259641341, 9781259641343 

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ISBN-10 :  1259641341 

ISBN-13 :  9781259641343

Author : Everett B. Woodruff, Herbert B. Lammers, Thomas F. Lammers 

The definitive reference on the role of steam in the production and operation of power plants for electric generation and industrial process applications For more than 80 years, Steam Plant Operation has been an unmatched source of information on steam power plants, including design, operation, and maintenance. The Tenth Edition emphasizes the importance of devising a comprehensive energy plan utilizing all economical sources of energy, including fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy sources. This trusted classic discusses the important role that steam plays in our power production and identifies the associated risks and potential problems of other energy sources. You will find concise explanations of key concepts, from fundamentals through design and operation. For energy students, Steam Plant Operation provides a solid introduction to steam power plant technology. This practical guide includes common power plant calculations such as plant heat rate, boiler efficiency, pump performance, combustion processes, and explains the systems necessary to control plant emissions. Numerous illustrations and clear presentation of the material will prove invaluable for those preparing for an operator’s license exam. Examples throughout show real-world application of the topics discussed. COVERAGE INCLUDES: • Steam and Its Importance • Boilers • Design and Construction of Boilers • Combustion of Fuels • Boiler Settings, Combustion Systems, and Auxiliary Equipment • Boiler Accessories • Operation and Maintenance of Boilers • Pumps • Steam Turbines, Condensers, and Cooling Towers • Operating and Maintaining Steam Turbines, Condensers, Cooling Towers, and Auxiliaries • Auxiliary Steam Plant Equipment • Environmental Control Systems • Waste-to-Energy Plants

Steam Plant Operation 10th Table of contents

1 Steam and Its Importance
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Use of Steam
1.3 The Steam-Plant Cycle
1.4 The Power Plant
1.5 Utility Boilers for Electric Power
1.5.1 Coal-Fired Boilers
1.5.2 Oil- and Gas-Fired Boilers
1.5.3 Steam Considerations
1.5.4 Boiler Feedwater
1.6 Industrial and Small Power Plants
1.6.1 Fluidized Bed Boilers
1.6.2 Combined Cycle and Cogeneration Systems
1.7 Solar Power
1.8 Wind Power
1.9 Power Plant Costs
1.10 Summary
Questions and Problems
2 Boilers
2.1 The Boiler
2.2 Fundamentals of Steam Generation
2.2.1 Boiling
2.2.2 Circulation
2.2.3 Steam-Water Separation
2.3 Fire-Tube Boilers
2.4 Water-Tube Boilers
2.4.1 High-Temperature Water Boilers
2.4.2 Comparison of Fire- and Water-Tube Boilers
2.5 Steam-Water Separation
2.6 Principles of Heat Transfer
2.7 Superheaters
2.8 Superheat Steam Temperature Control
2.8.1 Attemperation
2.8.2 Flue Gas Bypass
2.8.3 Flue Gas Recirculation
2.9 Heat-Recovery Equipment
2.10 Furnace Design Considerations
2.11 Furnace Construction
2.12 Industrial and Utility Boilers
2.13 Considerations for Coal Firing
2.13.1 Spreader Stokers
2.13.2 Pulverized-Coal Firing
2.13.3 Stoker versus Pulverized-Coal Firing
2.14 Pressurized versus Balanced-Draft Boiler Designs
2.15 Fluidized Bed Boilers
2.15.1 The Process
2.15.2 Comparison with Pulverized-Coal and Stoker Firing
2.15.3 Advantages of Fluidized Bed Combustion
2.15.4 Descriptions of Fluidized Bed Boilers
2.15.5 Emissions Control with Fluidized Bed Boilers
2.15.6 Bed Material
2.15.7 Heat Transfer
2.16 Boiler Applications for Biomass Fuels
2.17 Modern Coal-Fired Plants—Summary
2.18 Process Steam and Its Application
2.19 Combined Cycle and Cogeneration Systems
2.20 Nuclear Steam Generation
Questions and Problems
3 Design and Construction of Boilers
3.1 Materials Used in Boiler Construction
3.2 Stresses in Tubes and Drums
3.3 Drum Construction
3.4 Welded Construction
3.5 Structural Support Components
3.6 Manholes, Handholes, and Fittings
3.7 Boiler Assembly
3.8 Heating Surface and Capacity
3.9 Boiler Capacity Calculation
Questions and Problems
4 Combustion of Fuels
4.1 The Combustion Process
4.2 The Theory of Combustion
4.3 The Air Supply
4.4 Coal
4.5 Fuel Oil
4.6 Gas
4.6.1 Gas Hydrates
4.6.2 Natural Gas Extraction by Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking)
4.7 By-Product Fuels
4.8 Control of the Combustion Process
Questions and Problems
5 Boiler Settings, Combustion Systems, and Auxiliary Equipment
5.1 Boiler Settings
5.2 Hand Firing
5.3 Stokers
5.3.1 Underfeed Stokers
5.3.2 Overfeed Stokers
5.4 Pulverized Coal
5.4.1 Contact Mills
5.4.2 Ball Mills
5.4.3 Impact Mills
5.4.4 Mill Feeders
5.4.5 Gravimetric Feeders
5.4.6 Burners
5.4.7 Lighters
5.4.8 Flame Safety System
5.4.9 Operation
5.5 Fuel Oil
5.5.1 Steam- or Air-Atomizing Burners
5.5.2 Pressure-Type Burners
5.5.3 Oil Burning Characteristics
5.6 Gas
5.7 Oil- and Gas-Firing Safety Precautions
5.8 Automatic Operation of Boilers
5.9 Stacks
5.10 Mechanical Draft: Fans
5.11 Steam and Air Jets
5.12 Flues and Ducts
5.13 Ash Handling Systems
Questions and Problems
6 Boiler Accessories
6.1 Water Columns
6.2 Pressure Measurement
6.3 Temperature Measurement
6.4 Feedwater Control System
6.5 Safety Valves
6.6 Blowdown Equipment
6.7 Nonreturn Valves
6.8 Steam Piping
6.9 Sootblowers
6.10 Valves
6.11 Instruments and Power Plant Automation
Questions and Problems
7 Operation and Maintenance of Boilers
7.1 Boiler Startup
7.2 Normal Operation
7.2.1 Combustion Control
7.2.2 Ash Handling
7.2.3 Water Supply
7.2.4 Boiler Efficiency
7.2.5 Insulation and Lagging
7.3 Operating Characteristics of Fluidized Bed Boilers
7.3.1 Circulating Fluid Bed (CFB) Boilers
7.3.2 Bubbling Fluid Bed (BFB) Boilers
7.4 Abnormal Operation
7.5 Idle Boilers
7.6 Maintenance
7.7 Boiler Internal Inspection
7.8 Evaluating the Condition of a Boiler
7.9 Making Repairs
7.10 Inspection and Maintenance Requirements of Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs)
Questions and Problems
8 Pumps
8.1 Pumps
8.2 Injectors
8.3 Duplex Pumps
8.4 Power Pumps
8.5 Vacuum Pumps
8.6 Rotary Pumps
8.7 Centrifugal Pumps
8.8 Facts about Fluids and Pumping
8.9 Factors Affecting Pump Operation
8.10 Considerations for Pump Selection
8.11 Pump Installation and Operation
8.12 Pump Testing and Calculations
8.13 Pump Maintenance
Questions and Problems
9 Steam Turbines, Condensers, and Cooling Towers
9.1 Steam Turbines
9.1.1 Turbine Types and Applications
9.1.2 Turbine Stage Design
9.1.3 Major Components of a Turbine
9.2 Turbine Design and Construction
9.2.1 Thrust Bearing
9.2.2 Packing
9.2.3 Governors
9.2.4 Lubrication
9.2.5 Turbine Control
9.2.6 Erection of the Steam Turbine
9.2.7 Relief Valves for Turbines
9.2.8 Turbine Piping
9.3 Electric Generators
9.4 Condensers
9.4.1 Surface Condensers
9.4.2 Air-Cooled Condensers
9.4.3 Condenser Materials and Construction
9.5 Cooling Towers
9.5.1 Types of Cooling Towers
9.5.2 Design Considerations
9.5.3 Materials of Construction
9.6 Condenser Auxiliaries
Questions and Problems
10 Operating and Maintaining Steam Turbines, Condensers, Cooling Towers, and Auxiliaries
10.1 Turbines
10.1.1 Turbine Operation
10.1.2 Turbine Maintenance
10.1.3 Turbine Performance
10.2 Condensers
10.2.1 Surface Condenser Operation
10.2.2 Surface Condenser Maintenance
10.2.3 Air-Cooled Steam Condenser Operation
10.3 Cooling Towers
10.3.1 Operation of Cooling Towers
10.3.2 Maintenance of Cooling Towers
10.4 Auxiliaries
10.4.1 Traveling Screens
10.4.2 Pumps
10.4.3 Steam-Jet Ejectors and Vacuum Pumps
10.4.4 Vacuum Gauges
Questions and Problems
11 Auxiliary Steam Plant Equipment
11.1 Condensate System
11.2 Feedwater Heaters
11.2.1 Closed Feedwater Heaters
11.2.2 Open Feedwater Heaters (Deaerators)
11.2.3 Operation and Maintenance of Feedwater Heaters
11.3 Condensate Polishing Systems
11.4 Raw Water Treatment
11.4.1 Ion-Exchange Water Conditioners
11.4.2 Evaporators
11.5 Boiler Blowdown
11.6 Piping System
11.7 Steam Traps
11.8 Pipeline Separators and Strainers
11.9 Lubricants and Lubricating Devices
Questions and Problems
12 Environmental Control Systems
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Environmental Considerations
12.3 Sources of Plant Emissions
12.4 Available Technologies for the Control of Emissions
12.4.1 SO2 Control
12.4.2 NOx Control
12.4.3 Particulate Control
12.4.4 Control of Carbon Dioxide
12.5 Regulatory Requirements
12.6 Particulate and Sulfur Dioxide Removal Requirements
12.6.1 Particulate Removal
12.6.2 Sulfur Dioxide Removal
12.6.3 Industrial Boilers
12.7 Equipment for Particulate Emission Control
12.7.1 Mechanical Collectors
12.7.2 Electrostatic Precipitators
12.7.3 Bag Filterhouses
12.8 Equipment for Sulfur Dioxide Scrubber Systems
12.8.1 Wet Scrubbers
12.8.2 Dry Scrubbers
12.9 Systems for Control of Nitrogen Oxides
Questions and Problems
13 Waste-to-Energy Plants
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Waste Disposal—A Worldwide Problem
13.3 Potential Energy from MSW
13.4 Landfills
13.5 Solid Waste Composition
13.6 Types of Energy-Recovery Technologies
13.7 Mass Burning
13.8 Refuse-Derived Fuel Burning
13.9 Operation and Maintenance of Refuse Boilers
13.10 Recy cling
13.10.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Recycling
13.10.2 Economics and Quality Products from Recycling
13.11 Material Recovery Facilities
13.12 Waste-to-Energy Plants and Recycling

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