The Border Between Seeing and Thinking 1st Edition by Ned Block 0197622240 9780197622247

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ISBN-10 :  0197622240 

ISBN-13 :  9780197622247

Author : Ned Block 

Philosopher Ned Block argues in this book that there is a “joint in nature” between perception and cognition and that by exploring the nature of that joint, one can solve mysteries of the mind. The first half of the book introduces a methodology for discovering what the fundamental differences are between cognition and perception and then applies that methodology to isolate how perception and cognition differ in format and content. The second half draws consequences for theories of consciousness, using results of the first half to argue against cognitive theories of consciousness that focus on prefrontal cortex. Along the way, Block tackles questions such as: Is perception conceptual and propositional? Is perception iconic or more akin to language in being discursive? What is the difference between the format and content of perception, and do perception and cognition have different formats? Is perception probabilistic, and if so, why are we not normally aware of this probabilistic nature of perception? Are the basic features of mind known as “core cognition” a third category in between perception and cognition? This book explores these questions not by appeals to “intuitions,” as is common in philosophy, but to empirical evidence, including experiments in neuroscience and psychology. This is an open access publication, available online and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), a copy of which is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Enquiries concerning use outside the scope of the licence terms should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press.

The Border Between Seeing and Thinking 1st Table of contents:

1. Introduction
Consciousness
Pure perception
What is a joint?
Constitutivity vs. explanatory depth
The contents of perception
Realism about perceptual and cognitive representation
Three-layer methodology
Higher “capacity” in perception (whether conscious or not) than cognition
Armchair approaches to the perception/cognition border
Conceptual engineering
If there is a fundamental difference between perception and cognition, why don’t we see the border in the brain?
Interface of perception with cognition
Why should philosophers be interested in this book?
Roadmap
2. Markers of the perceptual and the cognitive
Adaptation
Perception vs. cognition in language
Different kinds of adaptation
Visual hierarchy
The use of adaptation in distinguishing low-level from high-level perception
The use of adaptation in distinguishing perception from cognition
Semantic satiation
Rivalry
Pop-out
Interpolation of illusory contours
Neural markers of perception and cognition
Other markers of perception
Phenomenology
Summary
3. Two kinds of seeing-as and singular content
Burge and Schellenberg on singular content
Attribution and discrimination
Ordinary vs. technical language
Bias: Perception vs. perceptual judgment
Evaluative perception
4. Perception is constitutively nonpropositional and nonconceptual
Concepts and propositions
Format/content/state/function
The nonpropositional nature of perception
Conjunction
Negation
Disjunction
Atomic propositional representations
Rivalry and propositional perception
How do iconicity, nonconceptuality, and nonpropositionality fit together?
Laws of appearance
Bayesian “inference”
Bayesian realism
5. Perception is iconic; cognition is discursive
Iconicity, format, and function
Iconicity and determinacy
Structure
Analog tracking and mirroring
Analog magnitude representations
Mental imagery
Holism
Integral vs. separable
Iconic object-representations in perception
Object files in working memory
Memory involving perceptual representations
6. Nonconceptual color perception
Perceptual category representations
Infant color categories
Infants’ failure to normally deploy color concepts
Color constancy
Working memory again
Experiments on babies’ working memory representations
Adult nonconceptual color perception
Is high-level perception conceptual?
Systematicity again
Modality
7. Neural evidence that perception is nonconceptual
“No-report” paradigm vs. “no-cognition” paradigm
Another “no-report” paradigm
8. Evidence that is wrongly taken to show that perception is conceptual
Fast perception
Cognitive access to mid-level vision
9. Cognitive penetration is common but does not challenge the joint
Cognitive impenetrability: Recent history
Perceptual set
Ambiguous stimuli
Spatial attention
Feature-based attention
Dimension restriction
Mental imagery
10. Top-down effects that are probably not cases of cognitive penetration
Figure/ground
Memory color
11. Modularity
12. Core cognition and perceptual analogs of concepts
Perception of causation
Core cognition
13. Consciousness
Phenomenal consciousness vs. access consciousness
Global workspace
Higher order thought
Alleged evidence for higher order thought theories of consciousness
Prefrontalism and electrical stimulation of the brain
Overflow
Biological reductionism
Direct awareness
Teleological approaches
Fading qualia
Consciousness and free will
14. Conclusions
References
Author Index
Subject Index

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