(EBook PDF) The Stoics on Lekta All there is to Say 1st Edition by Ada Bronowski 0192580698 9780192580696 full chapters

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ISBN-10 :  0192580698 

ISBN-13 :  9780192580696

Author:  Ada Bronowski 

After Plato’s Forms, and Aristotle’s substances, the Stoics posited the fundamental reality of lekta – the meanings of sentences, distinct from the sentences themselves. This is the first time in the tradition of Western philosophy that what is signified is properly distinguished from signs and signifiers. The Stoics on Lekta offers a synoptic treatment of the many implications of this distinction, which grants an existential autonomy to lekta: language can only ever express meanings, but what happens to meanings which are there, ready to be said, but which are never actually expressed? It analyses the deep shift in ontological paradigm required by the presence of lekta in reality, and reveals a truly unique, complex, and consistent cosmic view in which lekta are the keystones of the structure of reality. According to this view, we cannot not speak or think in terms of lekta, and for this reason, they are in fact all there is to say. The Stoics’ position ignited many fiery debates in antiquity and continues to do so in the modern era: they were the first to be concerned with questions about language and grammar, and the first to put the relation of language to reality at the heart of the enquiry into human understanding and the place of man in the cosmos. Such questions remain central to life and philosophy to this day, and by explicitly comparing and contrasting the themes and topics discussed to twentieth-century treatments of the status of the proposition, propositional structure, speech act theory, and the relation of attribution of the predicate to a subject-term, this volume seeks to demonstrate the enduring value of a direct Stoic contribution to the contemporary debate.

The Stoics on Lekta: All there is to Say 1st Table of contents:

1. The Invention of the System: A System is a System is a System
1.1. The Critique of Tripartitioning: Three Parts do not Make a System
1.2. Historiography and its Entanglements
1.3. The Stoic Notion of a Systēma
2. Lekta in the Stoic Ontological Framework
2.1. The Map of the Logical Structure
2.2. Dialectic
3. Bodies and Incorporeals
3.1. Being a Body
3.2. The Stoic Criterion for Corporeality and the Place of Incorporeals in Ontology
3.3. The Roles of the Platonic Ideas Redistributed in Stoic Ontology
4. Rationality in Stoic Thought: Grasping Lekta
4.1. Ordinary Teaching: an Additional Note
4.2. What is Taught: Lekta
4.3. Lekta and the Mind
4.4. Where do Impressions Come from?
5. Lekta: All There Is to Say
5.1. Lekta and Language: Distinctions
5.2. A Lekton is One, and the Words are Many
6. On the Reality of Lekta
6.1. Lekta as Additional Items in Ontology
6.2. Lekta and Speech Acts
6.3. Peripatetic Perplexities
6.4. The Epicureans on What is Wrong with Lekta
6.5. Conclusion: Incorporeality as an Ontological Status
7. Causation
7.1. The Validation of the Ontological Distinction between a Body and a Katēgorēmata
7.2. A Cause Causes a Katēgorēma to Obtain
7.3. What a Cause is of: Stoics vs. Peripatetics
7.4. Complexities and Relations: the Katēgorēma and the Conjoined Pair
7.5. The Causal Schema
7.6. To be Real
8. Lekta and the Foundations of a Theory of Language
8.1. From Katēgorēma to Axiōma
8.2. The Unity of the Lekton
9. The Syntax of Lekta
9.1. The Sentence: the Platonic Tradition vs. the Stoics
9.2. Grammar on the Stoics’ Terms

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